Ukuvimbela okuqondile kwe-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza: ungabi kanjani isisulu se-bloodsucker enegciwane

Umbhali walesi sihloko
Ukubukwa kwe-249
6 imiz. ukufunda

Minyaka yonke inani lezisulu zokulunywa imikhaza liyakhula. Isikhathi sabo sokuzingela siqala phakathi no-March futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ingozi yokuhlangana ne-parasite ethelelekile iphezulu kakhulu, futhi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Ngokuvamile abantu bahlala bekhubazekile, kwezinye izimo bazokufa. Okuyingozi kakhulu imikhaza ye-ixodid, abathwali bezifo. Kulokhu, ukugoma noma ukuvimbela okuphuthumayo kwe-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza kwenziwa.

Obani imikhaza futhi kungani beyingozi

Ngokushesha lapho iqhwa lincibilika, abazingeli begazi sebevele belindile ezindaweni ze-windbreak namagatsha. Ama-parasites alala emaqabunga angonyaka odlule, evuka, efuna inyamazane, agaqa ezinhlangeni zotshani, amahlumela angekho ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha, afuduke ngosizo lwezilwane ezincelisayo: izinja ezilahlekile, amakati, amagundane. Ngakho-ke, ungahlangana ne-bloodsucker yonke indawo.
Imikhaza ingabazingeli abakahle, abanonya futhi abakhathali, futhi banesineke kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlala izinsuku futhi balinde isikhathi esifanele sokuhlasela. Ababoni noma ukuzwa, kodwa bayakwazi ukuzwa ukushisa nokuhogela ebangeni elingamamitha angu-20 ngosizo lwezidladla zabo zangaphambili, lapho izitho zemizwa yesikhumba zitholakala khona.
Lapho, ezidladleni, kunezinzipho eziqinile, ngosizo lapho zihamba kalula kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, lapho zithintana nazo. Bese bebheka ngenkuthalo izindawo ezinesikhumba esincane nenduku. Ngosizo lwe-proboscis efana ne-harpoon kanye nento enamathelayo, ama-bloodsuckers abambelela ngokuqinile esikhumbeni. Ikhanda lomkhaza lizohlala esikhumbeni, ngisho noma umzimba udatshuliwe.

Isikhathi sokulunywa sihlala singabonakali kubantu; amathe e-arachnid aqukethe i-anesthetic.

Umkhaza we-taiga uthathwa njengoyingozi kakhulu. Nguye ohlushwa i-encephalitis, ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umuntu wesithathu unegciwane le-borreliosis. Kuzo zombili izimo, isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi siyathinteka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinambuzane ezincane zithwala inqwaba yezinye izifo.

Umkhaza we-Taiga.

I-encephalitis idluliselwa kanjani?

Ukuze ukutheleleka kwenzeke, umkhaza onegciwane udinga kuphela ukunamathela emzimbeni. Kodwa akukhona nje ukulunywa okuyingozi kubantu. Uma uchoboza i-parasite, igciwane lingangena kalula emzimbeni ngama-microcracks esikhumbeni, imihuzuko noma ngokuklwebheka.
Ukudla ubisi obuluhlaza noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe kuyo: i-cottage shizi, ibhotela, ukhilimu omuncu ugcwele ukutheleleka. Njengoba izimbuzi nezinkomo zichayeka ekuhlaselweni okukhulu kwe-bloodsuckers futhi zingadlulisela leli gciwane ngobisi, lona kanye nemikhiqizo yalo kufanele kuphathwe ngokushisa.

Yiziphi izifunda lapho imikhaza ye-encephalitis ihlala kuphi futhi ungahlangana nayo kuphi

Isifo se-encephalitis esithwala imikhaza sibhaliswe ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, lapho kutholakala khona abathwali bayo abakhulu - imikhaza ye-ixodid. Abancishwe amathuba kakhulu mayelana nezifo yilezi:

  • eNyakatho-ntshonalanga;
  • i-Ural;
  • isiSiberia;
  • EMpumalanga Ekude;
  • e-Southern Federal District - eCrimea naseSevastopol;
  • eduze nesifunda saseMoscow - izifunda zaseTver naseYaroslavl.

Bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ubulili neminyaka, basengozini yokutheleleka nge-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza.

Izakhamuzi ziqamekela ama-parasites emapaki, izindlu zasehlobo, ama-picnics, emahlathini asezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ngasemfuleni, ensimini. Ikakhulukazi engozini ngabantu abathi, ngokwemvelo yemisebenzi yabo, bahlale ehlathini isikhathi eside:

  • abadlali begeyimu;
  • abazingeli;
  • izivakashi;
  • abakhi bezitimela;
  • izintambo zikagesi;
  • amapayipi kawoyela negesi.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza

Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela, ngaphezu kwezindlela ezilula zokusebenzisa ama-gel akhethekile nama-creams.

Ukugonywa
Isivikelo esiphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene ne-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza ukugoma. Udinga ukugonywa kusenesikhathi, ekwindla. Kodwa uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, khona-ke ngokusho kohlelo olusheshisiwe. Okokuqala, ngemva kwamasonto amabili okwesibili, kuzokwazi ukuya ehlathini kwamanye amasonto amabili, ngalesi sikhathi ukuzivikela sekuvele kwakhiwe. Ngemva konyaka, kubalulekile ukuvuselela, bese uphinda ukugoma ngemva kweminyaka emithathu. Ukugonywa kwezingane kuvunyelwe kusukela ngonyaka owodwa, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wezingane.
I-Seroprophylaxis
Uma i-bloodsucker isivele ikwazi ukunamathela, akufanelekile ukuyisusa ngokwakho. Ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha oluqeqeshiwe, kufanele uxhumane nesibhedlela esiseduze. Lapho, umkhaza uzosuswa futhi uthunyelwe elabhorethri ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, bese kuxazululwa inkinga yesidingo se-seroprophylaxis ephuthumayo. Ukwethulwa kwe-immunoglobulin kuzosebenza kahle kubantu abangagonyelwe i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, uma amahora angama-96 engakadluli kusukela i-parasite yamuncwa. I-seroprophylaxis ephuthumayo yenziwa ubusuku nemini.
Ukucutshungulwa kwesayithi
Lapho nje intwasahlobo ingena ngokwayo, zonke izitshalo ziqala ukukhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinambuzane eziwuhlupho ezingadini nezingadi zezithelo ziyasebenza. Ezinye ziyingozi kubantu nasezifuyweni zabo, ikakhulukazi amakati nezinja. I-Ixodid bloodsuckers, njengemikhaza ye-herbivorous, i-arthropods eyingozi - ithwala izifo ezihlukahlukene futhi ibhubhisa izitshalo. Ukuqeda izinambuzane e-cottage ehlobo, ikakhulukazi uma izingane ezincane zigijima eduze kwayo, kuhle ukulungiselela amalungiselelo okucubungula kusengaphambili. Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi ezikwazi ukucindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinto eziphilayo, zikhona ezifanele ngokwamanani kanye nomphumela. Ungamema uchwepheshe ozokhetha ngobungcweti ama-acaricides, ecabangela izici zesayithi. Ngosizo lwemishini yobuchwepheshe: ijeneretha yenkungu ebandayo neshisayo, indawo imbozwe ngokulinganayo ngesibulala-zinambuzane, futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ingqongqoza imikhaza ezindlini zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucubungula okunjalo kuqeda umthelela wamakhemikhali kunoma yimiphi imikhiqizo yokudla ekhula engadini. Ukucutshungulwa kwensimu kwenziwa kuyo yonke indawo, kufaka phakathi utshani, izihlahlana nezinye izindawo eziluhlaza. Izindlela nezindlela abantu, abangani abanemilenze emine kanye nezinye izivakashi abathanda ukuhamba kuzo zicutshungulwa ngokucophelela.
Iyaxosha futhi ine-insecticidal
Kunamakhemikhali asebenza kahle kakhulu okuvikela umuntu emikhaza futhi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: ama-repellents, ama-acaricides noma amalungiselelo ahlanganisiwe. Ama-repellers anezindawo zokuvimbela. Ezwa iphunga elibi, izimuncagazi ziyajika futhi zikhase, kuyilapho zihlala ziphephile futhi ziphilile. Isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa yi-diethyltoluamide. Ukusebenza kwezimali ezinjalo kungama-95%. Ezinye izifutho zingasetshenziswa esikhumbeni. Ama-Acaricides anobuthi kubantu futhi asetshenziswa kuphela ezingutsheni, kodwa lokhu kuyisivikelo esithembekile. Isithako esisebenzayo yi-alphacypermethrin. Gcoba izingubo ngemigqa, ikakhulukazi emaqakaleni, ezinqulwini, okhalweni nasezintanjeni zemikhono, ikhola, emaphethelweni ehood. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinomphumela okhubazayo kumkhaza: isikhathi esithile i-zigzags, bese imilenze yayo isusiwe, iwela phansi futhi ife. Imikhiqizo ye-insecticide-acaricide isetshenziselwa ukwelapha insimu emakhakheni asehlobo, ngokusho kwemiyalelo.

Ukuvimbela okungaqondile kwe-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza

Ngosizo lwe-nonspecific prophylaxis, i-encephalitis ethwala imikhaza iyavinjelwa.

  1. Sebenzisa amasudi okuzivikela akhethekile noma ezinye izingubo ezijatshulelwe okungafanele zivumele imikhaza ukuthi igaqe phakathi nokhololo kanye nama-cuffs.
  2. Ihembe elinemikhono emide lifakwe ebhulukweni, iziphetho zebhulukwe zibe amasokisi namabhuzu aphezulu. Ikhanda nentamo zimbozwe ngesikhafu noma ihood. Izinto zikhetha ukukhanya, hhayi ama-shades anemibala. Konke lokhu kubhekisela ekuvimbeleni okungaqondile.
  3. Izinto ezixosha imikhaza zilungele ukuvikela imikhaza - izinto ezixosha izingubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izingubo kanye nezindawo ezisobala zomzimba. Amakhambi afanelekile futhi esintu.
  4. Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezingubo nomzimba uwedwa noma ngosizo lwabanye abantu, nakho konke ongakwazi ukuletha i-parasite endlini: ama-bouquets, amahlumela, okokulala kusuka epikinikini - ukuvikelwa okuthembekile ngokumelene nokulunywa kanye ne-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza.

Usizo lokuqala kumuntu olunywe umkhaza

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-parasite inamathele, isuse ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, uzama ukungayiphuli i-proboscis, igxilwe esikhumbeni. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu nodokotela emtholampilo endaweni ohlala kuyo noma kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sokuhlukumezeka.
Ungazama ukukwenza ngokwakho, ngoba uma umkhaza usesikhathini eside emzimbeni, maningi amathuba okutheleleka. Kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze ingachobozi. Kulokhu, ama-tweezers afanelekile, abamba i-bloodsucker nge-apparatus yomlomo futhi ajikeleze umzimba wakhe eksisi.
Ngemuva kokuyikhipha esikhumbeni, indawo yokulunywa ihlanjululwa kahle ngotshwala, izandla zigezwa kahle. Uma inhloko noma i-proboscis isanqanyuliwe, igcotshwe nge-iodine, ngemva kwesikhashana izinsalela zizophuma zodwa. Umkhaza kufanele ulethwe elabhorethri noma esiteshini se-sanitary kanye ne-epidemiological ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo.

Ekubonakalisweni kokuqala komtholampilo kwalesi sifo, njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bekhanda, i-myalgia, kufanelekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubantu abanomlando wokulunywa komkhaza noma bahlale endaweni ehlala njalo ye-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza.

Ngaphambilini
AmathikithiThika ukuvikela abantu: indlela yokuzivikela ekulunyweni kwezimuncagazi zomele igazi
Okulandelayo
AmathikithiImikhaza ifa ngaliphi izinga lokushisa: ama-bloodsucker akwazi kanjani ukuphila ebusika obushubile
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