Umkhaza ekatini: yini okufanele uyenze ngokulunywa, indlela yokuvikela isilwane esifuywayo ku-bloodsuckers nokuthi singaselapha kanjani uma sinegciwane

Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza ekatini

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid iyingozi kakhulu emakatini. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-parasites anjalo, wonke anezici ezivamile:

• umzimba u-oblong, ngokuvamile ompunga, omnyama noma onsundu;
• ikhanda elincane;
• 4 amapheya wezidladla;
• isihlangu esivikela umzimba;
• ubukhulu be-parasite elambile yi-3-4 mm., uma igcwele igazi, ikhula ngo-10-15 mm.

Futhi, amakati angahlaselwa yi-tick nymph - lesi sinambuzane esingakafiki esigabeni sabantu abadala. I-nymph incane kunomkhaza omdala futhi inamapheya ama-3 emilenze. I-parasite ilukhuni ukuyithinta futhi ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu.

Imikhaza ekatini: kuyingozi kangakanani

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuyona i-parasite bite ngokwayo eyingozi, kodwa izifo ezingatholakala ngenxa yalokhu kuhlasela. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezithwala imikhaza kumakati yi-piroplasmosis, i-encephalitis, i-borreliosis, i-hemobartonellosis.

Njengomthetho, izifo ziqala ukuzibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezingezona eziqondile, futhi uma umnikazi engasoli ukuthi isilwane sibanjwe umkhaza, usizo alunikezwa ngesikhathi.

Ngeshwa, lezi zifo zibonakala ngenkambo enzima futhi ngokuvamile ziholela ekufeni. Ukubikezela okuhle kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni lapho ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Imikhaza emakati: inqubo yokuhlasela

Imikhaza ayiboni, ithola izisulu zayo ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile zezinzwa. Ikati elidlula lapho zizingela khona i-parasite liba yinto yokuhlaselwa: umkhaza wenza ukugxuma futhi, ubambelele entanjeni yezinwele, uhamba emzimbeni wesilwane.

Okulandelayo, i-parasite ibheka indawo emzimbeni, okungenani embozwe izinwele.

Ngokuvamile, lena yindawo ngemuva kwezindlebe, isisu, izidladla, amehlo. Lesi sinambuzane simba ezinweleni ngamatende, sibhoboze isikhumba futhi siqale inqubo yokumunca igazi. Kuleli qophelo, i-parasite ingasuswa kuphela ngosizo lwamasu akhethekile. Uma kungenziwanga lutho, i-parasite izophuza igazi futhi iwe ngokwayo.

Umkhaza wekati: izimpawu zokuluma

Izimpawu zokulunywa zingase zingabonakali ngokushesha, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto angu-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, umnikazi, owaziyo ukuthi isilwane sihlaselwe umkhaza, kufanele aqaphe ngokucophelela isimo saso. Izimpawu eziyingozi okufanele zithintane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha:

• ukunciphisa umzimba, ukwenqaba ukudla;
• ukukhathala, ukuntula isithakazelo ezweni langaphandle;
• umkhuhlane;
• isifo sohudo nokuhlanza;
• ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
• yellowness ulwelwesi lwamafinyila;
• igazi emchameni.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ikati linomkhaza: izinyathelo zokuphepha

Ungaqali ukuhlolwa ngezandla ezingavikelekile: kufanele ugqoke ngokushesha amagilavu ​​enjoloba. Kutuswa ukubeka ikati endaweni ekhanyayo: ngale ndlela ungaqaphela ngokushesha umkhaza obalekayo. Kumelwe kunikelwe ukukhanya okuhle. Ungahloli ikati kukhaphethi, ifenisha ye-upholstered - umkhaza ungaphunyuka futhi ufihle kalula lapho. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa isitsha esinesivalo esiqinile kusengaphambili ukuze ubeke i-parasite kuso.

Uwukhipha kanjani umkhaza uma ungakabambeki

Kuyadingeka ukususa umkhaza ngamagilavu, ungasebenzisa futhi isikhwama sepulasitiki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele ubeke ingcindezi enkulu ku-parasite - ingachotshozwa futhi ukutheleleka kuzophela esikhumbeni somuntu. I-parasite engatholakalanga ukuthi ixhumekile kufanele ibhujiswe ngokushiswa, akufanele igezwe emanzini noma ithunyelwe emgqonyeni kadoti - lokhu ngeke kuyicekele phansi futhi izohlasela omunye umuntu.

Ungawukhipha kanjani umaka obhajwe

Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhipha i-parasite enamathele:

Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kokukhipha umkhaza

Ngomkhaza

I-parasite kufanele ithunyelwe elabhorethri ekhethekile ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka kwayo ngezifo. Faka umkhaza esitsheni esikhethekile esinesivalo esiqinile, kuhle ukubeka uvolo wekotini oswakanyiswe ngamanzi kuwo, bese ugcina isitsha esiqandisini ngaphambi kokusithumela elabhorethri. Kungcono ukube i-parasite ibiphila. Uma ukuhlaziya kungenakwenzeka, isinambuzane kufanele sishiswe.

Ngekati

Ukulunywa komkhaza kufanele kubikwe kudokotela wezilwane. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo sithatha amasonto angu-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukusungula ukubhekwa ngokucophelela kokuziphatha kwesilwane, uma kuvela izimpawu ezesabekayo, yazisa udokotela.

Okungafanele ukwenze lapho ukhipha umaka

Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokungacabangi izindlela zabantu: ukukhukhula i-parasite ngamafutha, amakhemikhali (utshwala, i-acetone, njll.). Umkhaza ngeke uwele kulokhu futhi ngeke ukhulule ukubamba kwawo. Ngokunokwenzeka, uzofa, kuyilapho i-proboscis yakhe izokhululeka futhi okuqukethwe okunegciwane emgudwini wakhe wamathumbu kuzothululela egazini lekati, okuzokwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka. Amanye amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho ukhipha i-parasite:

• ukunyakaza okubukhali, ukudonsa - cishe ngokuqinisekile ikhanda lizophuma futhi lihlale ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
• ukuthunjwa kwesinambuzane ngesisu - kulula ukuchoboza, okuqukethwe okuthelelekile kwesisu kuzongena egazini lesilwane.

Ukwelashwa kwamakati kusuka emikhaza ekhaya

Hhayi imikhaza ye-ixodid kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo zezimuncagazi, isibonelo, izibungu zezindlebe notwayi, i-demodex, njalonjalo, zingalimaza impilo yesilwane. Akunconywa ukuphatha amakati nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwama-parasite kuphela ekhaya: udokotela elabhorethri kufanele anqume uhlobo lokutheleleka, enze ukuxilongwa futhi anikeze izincomo ezifanele. Kunamaqembu amaningana ezidakamizwa ezivame ukunikezwa odokotela bezilwane ukuze belaphe futhi bavimbele izifo ezithwalwa imikhaza.

Ukwelashwa kwamakati namakati akhulelwe

Izifo zamakati ezibangelwa izibungu zendlebe: isithombe somtholampilo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha

I-ear mite iyi-parasite encane edla ama-flakes esikhumba amancane endlebeni. Isifo esibangelwa yi-arthropod sibizwa ngokuthi i-otodectosis. Izimpawu zomtholampilo zokutheleleka kwe-ear mite:

• ikati linwaya izindlebe ngokucasuka, lingakwazi ukuhamba ikhanda lalo litshekele eceleni;
• ukuziphatha okungaphumuli;
• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhishwa okukhulu endlebeni, ukwakheka kwama-scabs nama-crusts.

Amaqhinga okwelashwa kwe-otodectosis ancike ekunganakeni kwesifo. Lapho ama-parasite etholakala ngokushesha, ukwelapha kuzoba yimpumelelo kakhulu. Uma lesi sifo singakaze sibe nzima, ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukwelapha indlebe yangaphakathi ngama-insecticidal agents kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Kuzodinga futhi ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesilwane ngama-insecticides. Uma lesi sifo sesithuthukile, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Izifo zamakati ezibangelwa izibungu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba: isithombe somtholampilo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha

Kukhona nezifo eziningana ezibangelwa izibungu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Ukuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zezimuncagazi ezidala ukuthi zikhule. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinjalo kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwendawo ezindaweni ezithintekile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ukwelashwa kwezimpawu, kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane zisetshenziswa.

Izifo zamakati ezibangelwa imikhaza ye-ixodid: isithombe somtholampilo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid ithwala izifo eziningi eziyingozi kumakati. Phakathi kwazo:

1. I-anemia esithathelwanayo noma i-hemobartonellosis. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-microorganisms ahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu nezicubu zezitho zangaphakathi. Izilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyingozi kakhulu: umnkantsha wethambo kanye nesistimu ye-lymphatic ngokuvamile ihlupheka. Ukutheleleka kubangela i-anemia, yona eyenza isimo sesilwane sibe sibi kakhulu. Kukhona izinguquko ezishiwo ekuziphatheni - ikati liba nesibindi, lingenandaba, alinasithakazelo kulokho okwenzekayo eduze kwalo. Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-hemobartonellosis ukuthi umchamo uthola i-pink tint. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luba yi-icteric, kukhona ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wenhliziyo. Ngosizo lokwelashwa, ungafinyelela ukululama okuphelele, kepha ubuqili besifo ukuthi izimpawu zingavela kuphela esigabeni esithuthukile. Nokho, ukufa ngenxa ye-anemia ethathelwanayo kuphansi. Ukwelashwa kwe-hemobartonellosis, ama-antibiotic e-tetracycline, anti-inflammatory, antihistamines, namavithamini asetshenziswa. Inkambo yokwelashwa kanye nomthamo kunqunywa udokotela oya khona.
2. I-Theileriosis. I-agent ebangela lesi sifo yi-protozoa yohlobo lwe-Theileria. Ama-microorganisms ahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kanye nezakhiwo zezicubu zomzimba. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo: ekuqaleni ikati liyenqaba ukudla, umsebenzi walo uyancipha, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphukela emazingeni abucayi, ukuphefumula kuphazamiseka, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luba luhlaza. Ukufa kwe-theileriosis kuphezulu. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile elwa nomalaleveva.

Izifo ezichazwe akuzona kuphela izifo ezingase zitholakale ikati kumkhaza we-ixodid. Amagciwane ayingozi nakakhulu afanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile - avame kakhulu, izifo ezibangelwa ukubikezela okungenathemba.

I-encephalitis ethwalwa wumkhaza ekati

I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza ibangelwa igciwane elingena egazini lesilwane lapho silunywe yisilwane. Ngokugeleza kwegazi, ifinyelela ebuchosheni, ithinta indaba empunga, ibangele ukuvuvukala kwe-cortex. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu: ukukhubazeka, isithuthwane, ukulahlekelwa umbono. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siyabulala.

Isithombe somtholampilo salesi sifo

Izindlela zokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwe-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza, i-corticosteroids, imijovo ye-intravenous isetshenziswa. I-Symptomatic therapy nayo isetshenziswa: izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic kanye ne-analgesic. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, udokotela wezilwane angase anikeze ama-absorbent nama-immunomodulators.

Ingabe amakati athola i-piroplasmosis?

Ezincwadini zezilwane ezifuywayo, kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi amakati awaphathwa yi-piroplasmosis (babesiosis). Nokho, umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kwekati ngaleli gciwane kungenzeka, nakuba kuyivelakancane. I-Piroplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esiyingozi. I-causative agent iyi-microscopic babesia parasite ehlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, abangele ukufa kwawo kancane kancane. Izimpawu zesifo:

• ukwenqaba ukudla;
• ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa;
• i-anemia;
• isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukushintsha kokuthandayo;
• ukuhluleka kokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela.

Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, isilwane siyafa. Izidakamizwa ze-antimalarial zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-baresiosis.

Ikati kufanele lilashwe kangaki imikhaza?

Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela amakati kufanele kwenziwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-23-25.

Ukunakekela nokunakekela isilwane sakho

Izimo zokuvalelwa zinomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lokuvikeleka kwesilwane. Amakati anamasosha omzimba athuthukile awathinteki kakhulu ekuthelelekeni, mancane amathuba okuba abhekane nezinkinga zezifo. Izincomo ezibalulekile:

• hlinzeka isilwane ngokudla okuphelele, okulinganiselayo;
• gwema umswakama ophezulu kanye nemidwebo ekamelweni lapho isilwane silala khona;
• ukuhlanza izingubo zokulala njalo.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Ungazinaki izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulunywa komkhaza: njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kulula kakhulu ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezivamile kunokubhekana nemiphumela yokulunywa kwe-parasite. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwemikhaza emakati:

• ukugwema ukuthintana nesilwane nezihlobo ezidukile;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela ngendlela yezifutho, ama-aerosols namakholomu;
• uma ikati liphuma ngaphandle, ngaphambi kokulingenisa endlini yalo, lihlole: khipha izinwele ngekama, hlola izindawo zomzimba izimuncagazi ezithanda ukunamathela kuzo;
• ukugoma okuvamile, i-degilmetization, i-disinsection.