Ibhungane elifana nomkhaza: indlela yokuhlukanisa "ama-vampire" ayingozi kwezinye izinambuzane
Umuntu ongenalwazi, ebona isinambuzane esifana nomkhaza, angase acabange ukuthi isilwane esiyingozi. Kodwa phakathi kwezinambuzane ezinjalo akukhona kuphela ama-bloodsuckers ayingozi kubantu. Kunezinhlobo ezidla izitshalo kuphela, noma izilokazane eziluma umuntu ngenjongo yokuzivikela. Kukhona nezinambuzane ezingenabungozi ezizuzisa ngisho imvelo nabantu.
Okuqukethwe
Indlela imikhaza yangempela ebukeka ngayo
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngephutha ukuthi umkhaza iyinambuzane, kodwa empeleni iyisigaba sama-arachnids. Kuyabonakala ukuthi kwezinye izici zesakhiwo somzimba nokuziphatha, izibungu zifana nezicabucabu.
Izici zesakhiwo
Izici zezibungu zingahluka, kuye ngezinhlobo, kodwa eziningi ziyefana izici zokwakha:
- usayizi kusuka ku-0,2 kuya ku-5 mm;
- umzimba u-oval, convex, ngezinye izikhathi ugoqa emaphethelweni owodwa;
- yonke imikhaza inamapheya ama-4 ezidladla, kanti izibungu ezisakhula zinamapheya ama-3;
- isitho sombono asikho noma sibuthakathaka, sithathelwa indawo ama-receptors azwelayo;
- ama-bloodsuckers anombala onsundu ngemibala ehlukene, futhi izinhlobo ezenza izitshalo ezibulalayo zinemibala egqamile: ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobomvu.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhizane
Imikhaza yiqembu eliningi kakhulu ekilasini labo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-54 zalawa ma-arachnids. Kufanele uzijwayeze okungenani nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezivame kakhulu kunezinye ukuze wazi ukuthi lawa ma-arthropod ayingozi yini kubantu.
| Uhlobo lomkhaza | Характеристика |
|---|---|
| ixodid | Lesi yisinanakazana esifanayo umuntu ahlangana naso ngenkathi efudumele. Lolu hlobo luhlala emahlathini, emapaki nasetshanini obuminyene. Kokubili izilwane nabantu baba izisulu zayo. Ngosizo lwemilenze yangaphambili emide, umkhaza unamathela ezinweleni zabahlali basehlathini noma ezingutsheni zomuntu, bese uhamba emzimbeni futhi, lapho uthola indawo ethambile kakhulu yesikhumba, uqala. ukuphakela. |
| i-argasovy | I-bloodsucker edla igazi lezilwane ezifuywayo, izinyoni, imfuyo encane nenkulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu. Esikhundleni segobolondo, elikhona kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, linesembozo esithambile esifana nesikhumba. Ikhanda lomkhaza liseduze nengaphakathi lomzimba, ngakho licishe lingabonakali. Lesi silwanyana singatholakala emifantwini yokwakha, ezidlekeni zezinyoni namahhoko ezinkukhu. Ukulunywa kwe-argasid mite kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kuyaluma ngenxa yamathe anobuthi. |
| Gamazovy | I-parasite, ubukhulu bayo obungeqi ku-2,5 mm. Idla kakhulu igazi lezinyoni nezilwane ezincane, kodwa futhi ingaluma abantu. Umkhaza uhlala ezindaweni ezihlala izilwane, emigodini nasezidlekeni. Ekulunyweni kwayo, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukunwaya isikhumba, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimpaphe. |
| I-subcutaneous | Kuyi-parasite emise okwezimpethu ehlala esikhumbeni sabantu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ubukhulu bayo busuka ku-0,2 kuye ku-0,5 mm. Lolu hlobo lwezibungu luhlala emashiya, amehlo kanye namapayipi e-sebaceous esikhumbeni (ukudla nge-sebum). Ukuba khona kwabantu abaningana nge-1 cm2 kuyinto evamile, kodwa uma i-parasite iphindaphindeka kakhulu, imiphumela engathandeki ingase ivele: i-allergies, i-acne, i-blepharitis kanye ne-conjunctivitis. |
| isibaya | Izinambuzane ezidla okusanhlamvu, ufulawa nokusanhlamvu. Inomzimba ocishe ube sobala, osayizi - kusuka ku-0,2 kuya ku-0,5 mm. Le mite iyakwazi ukucekela phansi isitoko esikhulu sokusanhlamvu. Uma usungenile ngokudla, kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba. |
| gossamer | Kuyi-parasite yezitshalo engafaki ingozi kubantu, izilwane nezinyoni. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane kakhulu, ubukhulu bazo cishe isigamu millimeter. Lezi zibungu zidla ubisi lwezitshalo, okwenza umonakalo ezingadini, izingadi zasekhishini kanye nezimbali zasendlini. Emaqabungeni angenwe yilesi sifo, ungabona iwebhu encane kakhulu enamachashazi amaningi abomvu, okuyizimbuzane. Ngenxa yalezi zinambuzane, amaqabunga alesi sitshalo ayoma kancane kancane, futhi angafa. |
| Amanzi noma ulwandle | Isilwane esizingelayo esihlala emanzini amasha amile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emanzini anosawoti. Umzimba wabo unomumo oyindilinga, kanti izitho zangemuva zinde kunezinye ukuze zinikeze ukunyakaza okungcono emanzini. Izisulu zayo izakhamuzi ezincane zasemanzini. Umkhaza ubhoboza inyamazane yawo bese ujova ushevu okhethekile, emva kwalokho uyawumunca. Kubantu, le arachnid yasemanzini ayinabungozi. |
Izinhlobo ezibalwe zemikhaza ezidla igazi labantu ziyingozi, njengoba zithwala izifo ezimbi kakhulu: i-encephalitis, i-hemorrhagic fever, isifo, isifo se-typhoid, i-tularemia, isifo se-Lyme nabanye.
Ama-arthropods nezinambuzane ezinjengomkhaza
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane nama-arthropods, ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo noma ukulunywa kwazo, zingadideka nemikhaza, ikakhulukazi uma uhlangana nazo okokuqala.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-parasite kwenye ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nayo kahle futhi ukwazi ukuzivikela.
Ezinye zazo zibangela izinkinga ezingaphezu kwemikhaza, kanti ezinye, ngokuphambene nalokho, zizuzisa umuntu.
Ukuvikelwa kubahlaseli kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela
Izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi zingathelela umuntu izifo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi izinambuzane zingabhubhisa izitshalo zasendlini kanye nezitshalo zonke. Uma ubhekana kahle nezinambuzane ezifana nemikhaza kanye nemikhaza ngokwazo futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ungazivikela.
- Kusukela emikhazani ebulala abantu, izingubo ezivaliwe okudingeka uzigqoke lapho uhamba ngezinyawo epaki nasehlathini zizovikela. Izingubo kufanele zibe nombala okhanyayo ukuze imikhaza ibonakale kalula. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ngokumelene nama-bloodsuckers (ama-repellants) esikhumbeni. Ngemva kokuhamba, udinga ukuhlola umzimba.
- Ungavimbela ukubonakala kwezintwala zomzimba uma ugeza izingubo zakho ngesikhathi. Uma i-parasite isabonakala, kufanele uhlanze izingubo zakho emanzini abilayo noma uphathe ngezinto ezikhethekile.
- Amazeze ezilwaneni asuswa ngama-shampoos nama-ejenti anobuthi, okufanele athengwe kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile ukuze angalimazi isilwane. Ukuze uvikele isilwane ekubukeni kwama-parasites, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa njalo ijazi.
- Ukuhlanza uthuli ekamelweni kuzosiza ngokumelene nezibungu zothuli. Ukuhlanza njalo kuzovimbela ukubonakala kwamanye ama-parasites amaningi.
- Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ungabulala amagciwane endaweni.
- Isitshalo esitheleleke ngezinambuzane kufanele siphathwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane. Futhi, ukuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukuphatha i-cottage ehlobo noma ingadi ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
- Ungakwazi ukususa izinambuzane endlini nge-vacuum cleaner. Isikhwama sikadoti esisetshenzisiwe kufanele sikhishwe ukuze izinambuzane zingaphumi.
- Ukuvimbela izinambuzane ukuthi zingangeni ekamelweni, imifantu kufanele ivalwe, futhi izikrini nezicupho ezinamathelayo kufanele zifakwe emafasiteleni.
Ukubuka hhayi inkimbinkimbi izinyathelo zokuvimbela, uzophumelela vimbela imiphumela emibi yokuhlangana nama-bloodsuckers kanye nezinambuzane. Iwusizo ama-arachnids angcono kakhulu ukuthi angabhubhisi, ngoba azosiza futhi ukulwa nama-parasites.
Ngaphambilini