I-spider mite ezihlahleni: indlela yokubhekana ne-apula eyingozi futhi usindise isivuno
I-spider mite ingesinye sezinambuzane ezimunca ijusi emaqabunga ezihlahla engadini. Izihlahla zama-apula zisengozini yokuhlaselwa yilo mkhaza, futhi ukutholakala kwesilokazane kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekwehleni kokuzivikela kwesiko ngisho nasekufeni kwaso. I-apula mite idla ijusi futhi ivame ukuthelela amaqabunga namahlumela.
Okuqukethwe
- Iyini i-spider mite
- Izimpawu zokuvela kwe-spider mite esihlahleni se-apula
- Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwesihlahla
- Kungani i-spider mite iyingozi ezihlahleni zama-apula
- Ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kwe-parasite
- Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane
- Kucutshungulwa nini
- Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
- Izinhlobo zama-apula zimelana nezibungu zesicabucabu
Iyini i-spider mite
I-spider mite ingenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi, ezincane ngobukhulu, kodwa zilimaza izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ngokumunca ijusi emaqabunga. Akulula kangako ukuyibona ekuqaleni kwesifo, kodwa ungayibona ngokwazi ukuthi ibukeka kanjani nokuthi ishiya imikhondo emiphi.
Ilimaza izihlahla, izimbali, izitshalo ze-horticultural, izitshalo zasendlini kanye nalezo ezitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Imikhondo yomsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane ingabonakala emaqabunga, ulwembu omncane namachashazi akhanyayo avela ohlangothini olungaphezulu, izindawo zokubhoboza, futhi ama-parasites amancane abomvu angabonakala ohlangothini olungezansi.
Ukubukeka kanye nokwakheka kwe-parasite
Umkhaza ungowomndeni wama-arachnids, insikazi inkulu kancane kuneyeduna, umzimba uyi-elliptical, i-convex kusuka phezulu, phansi kuyisicaba. Ubude bensikazi buyi-0,4-0,5 mm, owesilisa ngu-0,3-0,4 mm. Izibungu zincane, zisobala, ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo noma zinsundu ngombala ezinamabala amabili amakhulu amnyama emaceleni. Izinsikazi zibomvu ngokusawolintshi noma zibomvu, izimuncagazi ezindala zinamapheya angu-4 emilenze, izibungu zinamapheya ama-3.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Umjikelezo wokuphila.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda, okuvela kuwo ubuso ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-3. Ngemuva kwama-molts amaningana, esedlule izigaba ezimbili ze-nymphs, aphenduka abe ngabantu abadala.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, kusukela ekubukeni kwezibungu kuya kubantu abadala kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-20. Ezisikazi ziphila amasonto angu-2-4 futhi ngalesi sikhathi ziyakwazi ukubeka amakhulu amaqanda. Phakathi nenkathi, izizukulwane ezingu-4-5 zemikhaza ziyavela. Ezinsikazi zicasha ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi noma emifantwini yeziqu ebusika futhi zihlala lapho kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Imikhaza ikhula ngokushesha ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo nasezitshalweni ezigcwele umanyolo wenitrogen.
Ningahlangana kuphi
Izinambuzane zingatholakala yonke indawo lapho kukhona noma yiziphi izimila. I-spider mite ihlala kuzo zonke izifunda ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Izimpawu zokuvela kwe-spider mite esihlahleni se-apula
Esigabeni sokuqala sokutheleleka kwe-apula nge-spider mite, akulula kakhulu ukukubona. Izibungu zalesi sitshalo zincane kakhulu, futhi phezu kwamaqabunga kukhona amachashazi aphuzi akhanyayo, izindawo zokubhoboza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amachashaza emaqabunga aba banzi, bese kuvela intambo encane kuwo, ayoma bese ewa. Imikhaza yanda kakhulu futhi nenani layo liyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukubona ama-parasite kusenesikhathi futhi uqale ukulwa nawo.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwesihlahla
Izibungu zesicabucabu zingangena ezihlahleni zama-apula ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- imikhaza ithwalwa wumoya ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, futhi ngokuvamile ihlasela izihlahla ezibuthakathaka, ngemva kokuba zihlaselwe amacimbi noma ezinye izilokazane;
- uma isihlahla esikhulu sithinteka yi-spider mite, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusibhubhisa ngokuphelele, umuthi onjalo ungaba umthombo wokutheleleka kwezinye izihlahla;
- ukhula engadini kungaba umthombo ukutheleleka.
Kungani i-spider mite iyingozi ezihlahleni zama-apula
Umkhaza umunca ijusi emaqabunga namahlumela amasha, uphazamisa inqubo ye-photosynthesis. Izifo zesikhunta, ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane zingena kalula ngezicubu ezilimele.
Izihlahla zama-apula ezisencane ezithintwa izibungu zesicabucabu zingase zisalele emuva ekukhuleni, izihlahla zama-apula ezindala zinciphisa ukukhiqiza, futhi uma izimbuzane zithinteka kakhulu, izihlahla zingafa.
Ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kwe-parasite
Ukulwa ne-spider mite, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuncike ekuqalisweni kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinga lokulimala kwezihlahla kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa.
Amakhemikhali
Izindlela ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali zokulwa nemikhaza ziyahlukahluka ekubunjweni kwento esebenzayo, ukugxila kanye nendlela yesenzo ku-parasite.
Izibulala-zinambuzane
Amakhemikhali akuleli qembu asebenza emikhaza nakwezinye izinambuzane eziningi zasengadini. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane zezihlahla, kuhlanganise nezibungu.
Lapho ulungisa izihlahla ze-apula ngamakhemikhali, udinga ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha:
- sebenza emishinini yokuzivikela;
- bheka ukugxila kwezixazululo futhi ungeqi izinga lokusebenzisa;
- ukucubungula kwenziwa esimweni sezulu esomile esizolile.
Lapho ufutha, izinambuzane eziningi ziyafa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ukungasebenzi kwale ndlela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokufa kwezinambuzane ezinenzuzo.
Ama-Acaricides
Ama-Acaricides asetshenziselwa ukubulala izibungu kuphela futhi agcotshwa ebusweni bamaqabunga. Lawa malungiselelo anesikhathi eside sokusebenza, okuyindlela enhle yokuvikela ekuthelelekeni kabusha yizimbuzane. Ama-Acaricides awazibulali izinambuzane ezidla izinambuzane zasengadini.
I-spider mite iqala ukumelana nezidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyiphatha izikhathi eziningana ngokulandelana nge-ejenti efanayo, udinga ukuyishintsha phakathi nenkathi.
Ama-agent acaricidal aziwa kakhulu acatshangelwa abanye.
Ama-Biological agents
Omunye wezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo ze-biologically yiFitoverm. Lokhu ukukhishwa okunobuthi okuvela emikhiqizweni yemfucuza yesikhunta esithile, esisebenza emikhaza yabantu abadala. Umuthi uqala umphumela wawo kubantu abadala ekushiseni kwama-+18 degrees futhi awuboli ku-+25 degrees nangaphezulu, njengamanye ama-chemical agents amaningi.
Imikhuba yezolimo
Izibungu zesifazane zidlula ubusika emhlabathini, kusiyingi se-trunk kanye nokuqhekeka kwamagxolo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungiselela izihlahla ebusika, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi olandelayo:
- shisa amaqabunga awile;
- amagatsha aqhephukile, omile, anesifo;
- hlanza amagxolo aqhephukile;
- mhlophe isiqu namagatsha amathambo;
- mba umbuthano we-trunk.
Izindlela zokupheka zabantu
Ukubaluleka kwemithi yesintu yokulwa nemikhaza nezinye izinambuzane ukuthi aziyona ingozi emvelweni nasezinambuzaneni ezinenzuzo. Izindlela zabantu zokubhekana nezibungu zesicabucabu zisebenza kuphela ngomonakalo omncane.
| isixazululo sikagalikhi | Amagremu angu-10 e-garlic ehlutshiwe futhi eqoshiwe engezwa ku-50 wamalitha amanzi, aphikelela izinsuku ezingu-3, insipho yokuhlanza ewuketshezi yengezwa, ixutshwe, ihlungiwe. Isihlahla siphathwa ngekhambi elisanda kulungiswa ukusuka phezulu kuya emaqabunga. |
| I-decoction ye-henbane emnyama | Utshani obusha be-henbane bunobuthi kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela futhi usebenzise i-decoction ngokucophelela. I-2 kg yotshani obusha ithululelwa ngebhakede lamanzi, ibilisiwe amahora ambalwa, ihlungiwe futhi isisombululo silungiswa sibe amalitha angu-10, izihlahla ze-apula ziyacutshungulwa. |
| Insipho | Amagremu ayi-100 wensipho ye-tar achotshoziwe futhi ahlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. Faka ikhambi kanye ngesonto. |
| Ukumnika pepper oshisayo | I-100 g ye-pepper eshisayo ithululelwa ilitha lamanzi, ilethwe ngamathumba, iphikelela usuku, ihlungiwe. Ukucubungula izihlahla ze-apula, amagremu angu-8 we-tincture ahlanjululwe ku-1 litre lamanzi. |
| ikhasi lika-anyanisi | Amagremu angu-200 wekhasi lika-anyanisi athululelwa ngebhakede lamanzi futhi agcizelele ihora eli-1, ahlungwe futhi aphathwe ngezihlahla ezinomkhaza. |
| ukumnika izimpande ze-horseradish | Amagremu angu-400 ezimpande ze-horseradish eziqoshiwe athululelwa ngebhakede lamanzi futhi akhulekelwe amahora angu-2-3, ahlungwe futhi afafazwe ezihlahleni. |
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane
Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, noma lapho kuvela imikhaza, ukwelashwa kwengadi kwenziwa kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ukufafaza ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi kuzoholela emiphumeleni emihle. Isikhathi ngasinye, amakhemikhali afanelekile akhethiwe.
- Lapho ukwelapha izihlahla ngamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela, gwema ukuthintana nesikhumba, amehlo ezinto ezinobuthi.
- Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe esimweni sezulu esomile, esizolile.
- Futha imikhiqizo kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, njengoba izibungu zitholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
- Ukucubungula kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
- Izingane nezilwane zivinjelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza engadini.
- Geza ubuso nezandla ngensipho ngemva kokwelashwa.
Kucutshungulwa nini
Kubalulekile ukubheka isikhathi sokugaywa kwezihlahla, inani lezitshalo kanye nokumelana kwezitshalo ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane kuncike kuzo.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala ngemva kobusika kwenziwa ngaphambi kwekhefu le-bud, lapho imikhaza e-overwintered nezinye izinambuzane zifa. Ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka libe ngama-+5 degrees nangaphezulu, izihlahla nomhlabathi ozungezile ziphathwa ngethusi noma nge-iron sulphate.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngemva kokuba amaqabunga eqhakaza, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Faka ama-insecticide noma ama-acaricides atholakala kubalimi.
Kungenzeka ukufafaza izihlahla ngamakhemikhali kuphela ngemva kokuba izithelo sezimisiwe. Ukuze kucutshungulwe, khetha amanye ama-insecticide noma ama-acaricides angakasetshenziswa kule sizini yamanje. Uma ufutha izikhathi eziningana zilandelana ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, izibungu ziyakujwayela.
Ukucubungula kufanele kumiswe inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna isithelo. Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokuhlasela okukhulu kwezinambuzane, uma ukucubungula kuyadingeka, sebenzisa amalungiselelo abola ngokushesha futhi angahlali esithelweni.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, kodwa ngaphambi kokuwa kwamaqabunga, aphathwa nge-copper sulfate, urea, nanoma iyiphi insecticide. Amakhizane asele ebusika ayafa.
Udinga kangaki ukucubungula izihlahla
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla ziphathwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele, ngemva kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari, ngemva kokuvuna.
Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho izihlahla zonakaliswa izinambuzane, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kaningi, ngoba umkhaza uyakwazi ukukhiqiza izizukulwane ezingu-4-5 ngesizini futhi ubangele umonakalo omkhulu.
Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zomzabalazo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu.
Izikhathi zokucubungula ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu
Ukucubungula izihlahla engadini ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu kwenziwa kucatshangelwa izimo zezulu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe, ukusebenza engadini kuqala kusenesikhathi, ezindaweni ezipholile izinsuku ziyashintshwa. Udinga ukugxila ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esifudumele entwasahlobo kanye nokuqhakaza kwamahlamvu, ukuqhakaza kanye nokukha izithelo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Imithi yokuvimbela engadini inikeza umphumela omuhle, izifo eziningi nezinambuzane zibhujiswa, futhi ukumelana kwezihlahla ze-apula kuyanda. Umsebenzi engadini uqala entwasahlobo futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:
- ukuthenwa kwezihlahla zasentwasahlobo nokufafaza;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukucubungula ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza;
- ukuhlanza amaqabunga nokuthena amagatsha awonakele;
- ukuhlanzwa kwemigqomo nokucakwa mhlophe;
- ukuhlanza ekwindla kanye nokumba umbuthano we-trunk.
Izinhlobo zama-apula zimelana nezibungu zesicabucabu
Izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezimelana ngokuphelele nomonakalo womkhaza azikakakhuliswa abalimi. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezivikeli mzimba ezinhle, futhi azikwazi ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Kodwa ukuzinza kwezitshalo kungandiswa uma kunikezwa ukunakekelwa okuhle: ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela, ukuthena nokuvikela ebusika.
Ngaphambilini