Ibhu lezimayini: uvemvane luwonakalisa kanjani wonke amadolobha

I-chestnut leaf miner iyinkathazo eyinhloko yezitshalo ezidume kakhulu emapaki asemadolobheni emazweni aseYurophu, i-chestnut yamahhashi. Umvukuzi we-Ohrid ubhubhisa amaqabunga, okubangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka ekutshalweni. Isidingo sokulwa nayo siba nzima kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.

Libukeka kanjani inundu le-chestnut (isithombe)

Incazelo nokubukeka

Igama: Ibhu leChestnut, i-Ohrid miner
Isi-Latin: Ikhamera ohridella

Ibanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera
Umndeni: Amabhu - I-Gracillariidae

	Izindawo zokuhlala:	ingadi
	Kuyingozi ku-:	ama-chestnuts amahhashi
	Izindlela zokubhubhisa:	izindlela zabantu, amakhemikhali

Ibhu le-Chestnut.

Umvukuzi omdala we-Ohrid ubukeka njengovemvane oluncane - ubude bomzimba - 7 mm, amaphiko - kufika ku-10 mm. Umzimba unsundu, amaphiko angaphambili ahlukaniswa ngephethini elikhanyayo le-motley nemigqa emhlophe kungemuva elibomvu elinsundu, amaphiko angemuva anombala ompunga okhanyayo.

Izidladla ezimhlophe zihlotshiswe ngamachashazi amnyama. Lesi sinambuzane sasibizwa ngokuthi umvukuzi ngenxa yekhono lokubeka amaphaseji (izimayini) emaqabunga.

Ososayensi benundu bezimayini be-Chestnut babhekisela emndenini wamabhu, okuwuhlobo lovemvane olungahlasela indawo yezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane uhlanganisa isikhathi esisebenzayo seminyaka emibili, lapho izibungu ezivele emaqandeni zikwazi ukubhubhisa izindawo ezinkulu zokutshala izihlahla. Bese kulandela iminyaka engu-3-4 yokuzola.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, imvukuzane idlula ezigabeni ezi-4 ezibalulekile zokuphila:

Ukulimala kwebhu lezimayini

Lesi sinambuzane sibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinonya kakhulu zebhu, elibhubhisa amaqabunga ezihlahleni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ama-chestnuts awonakele inundu.

Phakathi nenkathi, abesifazane base-Ohrid miner bayakwazi ukunikeza izingane ezi-3. Njengoba isibungu se-chestnut moth sikhula emigudwini yezimayini, inani lesitshalo esilibambayo liyakhula. Emaqabungeni, umonakalo ubonakala usuvele usesigabeni sesi-4-5 sokukhula.

Amapuleti amaqabunga, adliwa yizibungu, ambozwe amachashaza ansundu, aqala ukoma futhi awe. Ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu kweqabunga leqabunga, izihlahla azinaso isikhathi sokuqongelela izakhi ngesikhathi sonyaka, okuholela ekuqandeni kwama-chestnuts ebusika noma ukomiswa kwenani elikhulu lamagatsha.

Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga awaqhakazi ezihlahleni ezinjalo, ukutshala okubuthakathaka kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe ezinye izinambuzane (izinambuzane, isikhunta, njll.). Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ibhu le-chestnut miner lisebenza njengomthwali wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okungase kuthelele izihlahla nezinye izitshalo.

Ukunqotshwa kwenqwaba kwaphawulwa ochwepheshe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho izithombo zitshalwa khona ukuze zitshalwe emapaki.

Emapaki aseYurophu (eJalimane, ePoland nakwamanye amazwe), ama-chestnuts awuhlobo oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa emapaki okulungisa umhlaba. Izihlahla ezilimele zilahlekelwa umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa futhi ziyafa phakathi neminyaka embalwa.

Umonakalo wezomnotho ovela ezenzweni zebhu le-chestnut nokushintshwa okulandelayo kwezihlahla nezinye izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu nezinambuzane kulinganiselwa ochwepheshe basenhloko-dolobha yaseJalimane iBerlin kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingu-300.

Izitshalo ezithintwe umvukuzi we-chestnut

Izitshalo eziyinhloko ezisengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-chestnut moth ama-chestnuts amahhashi ezinhlobo ezimhlophe eziqhakaza (amaJapane nezivamile). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-chestnuts (amaShayina, amaNdiya, iCalifornia, njll.) azihehi izimvemvane, ngoba emaqabunga awo, izibungu ziyafa kakade esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chestnut moth ihlasela ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, kutshalwe kokubili ezindlini zasehlobo nasemapaki edolobha:

• amamephu okuhlobisa (amhlophe nama-holly);
• amagilebhisi amantombazane;
• izihlahlana (roses, holly, rhododendron).

Izimpawu zokulimala nokuvimbela

Ezingadini zasekhaya, abanikazi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisiza ukuvimbela ukubekwa kwamaqanda we-chestnut leafminer nokunciphisa izinombolo zabo.

Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane, izindlela eziningi zisetshenziswa:

• ukugoqa iziqu zezihlahla ngamabhande eglue ekuqaleni kwehlobo lezimvemvane;
• ukulenga i-adhesive tape noma amapuleti aphuzi ekuphakameni komqhele, agcotshwe kakhulu nge-Pestifix glue - lokhu kusiza ukubamba amabhu ehlobo;
• ukuvuna amaqabunga awile ekwindla, lapho iziphungumangathi nezimvemvane zicasha khona ebusika;
• ukwelashwa kweziqu zezihlahla ngamalungiselelo ezinambuzane ukucekela phansi izinambuzane ezivalekile ngaphansi kwamagxolo ebusika;
• ukumba okujulile kwenhlabathi esiyingini esiseduze sesiqu sama-chestnuts endaweni okungenani engamamitha womqhele angu-1,5.

Indlela yokubhekana ne-chestnut moth yezimayini

Kunezindlela eziningana zokubhekana nomvukuzi we-Ohrid: abantu, amakhemikhali, bebhayoloji kanye nemishini.

Amakhambi abantu

Ukufafaza izitshalo.

Indlela yabantu engabandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukwelapha amasimu e-chestnut esigabeni sokuqala, lapho izimvemvane ezindiza ezizungeze izihlahla ziqala ukubeka amaqanda azo (eRussia lokhu kwenzeka ngoMeyi).

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-Liposam bioadhesive, insipho eluhlaza namanzi. Uketshezi oluvelayo lufafazwa eziqwini nasemagatsheni ezihlahla, kanye nesiyingi esiseduze senhlabathi sobukhulu obungamamitha womqhele angu-1,5-2. Le ndlela isiza ukunqanda izinambuzane ngokuhlanganisa amaphiko azo. Lapho ikhambi lifika, uvemvane lugijimela emaqabunga noma esiqwini futhi lufe.

Amakhemikhali

Indlela yamakhemikhali ihlanganisa ukwelashwa okukodwa kwezihlahla okungu-2-3 okunezixazululo:

• izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlelekile (Aktara, Karate, Calypso, Kinmiks, njll.), lapho izinto ezisebenzayo ze-Agro-surfactant zengezwa;
• ama-insecticide athintana namathumbu (Aktelik, Decis, Inta-vir, Karbofos, njll.) ngokungezwa kwe-Agro-surfactant.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunconywa ngokufafaza amaqabunga e-chestnut nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla njalo emavikini ama-2 kuyo yonke isizini, ukushintshanisa amalungiselelo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba izinambuzane zibe imilutha yokubulala izinambuzane.

Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo

Izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngebhayoloji zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inkathi yasentwasahlobo nehlobo. Ukucubungula, ama-larvicides, ovicides, i-Bitobaxibacelin, i-Dimilin, i-Insegar (i-chitin synthesis inhibitors) isetshenziswa. Lezi zidakamizwa zesenzo sokuxhumana zivimbela ukwakheka kwe-membrane ye-chitinous, okuholela ekufeni kwezinambuzane esiteji sezibungu.

Indlela yokuzivikela yomshini ihlanganisa ukuphatha imiqhele yezihlahla ngejethi elinamandla lamanzi elivela ku-hose, okuvumela ukugoqa izinambuzane emhlabathini ngesikhathi sasehlobo.

Ibhu lezimayini nalo linezitha zemvelo - lezi izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezivamile eYurophu. Badla amacimbi kanye neziphungumangathi eziwuhlupho. Zidla nezibungu zenundu nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane (izintuthwane, iminyovu, izicabucabu, njll.).

I-chestnut miner moth iyisilokazana esiyingozi esingadala ukufa kwezihlahla. Ingozi yaso inkulu ngoba isifo esitshalweni siyabonakala uma singasenakwelashwa. Futhi isivinini sokusabalala kwamabhu emazweni aseYurophu sibonisa isidingo sezinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokulondoloza izitshalo zokuhlobisa emapaki nezingadi zomphakathi.