Isibungu sikabhejane sebhungane nesidala esinophondo ekhanda
I-oda ye-Coleoptera ithathwa njengehluke kakhulu futhi ithatha isikhundla esiphambili ngokwenani lezinhlobo zezilwane embusweni wezilwane. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, leli qembu lezinambuzane linamabhungane angaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-390 ahlukene okwamanje ahlala emhlabeni, futhi eziningi zazo ziyizidalwa eziyingqayizivele.
Okuqukethwe
Amabhungane obhejane: isithombe
Yini ibhungane likabhejane
Igama: ibhungane likabhejane elivamile
Isi-Latin: I-Oryctes nasicornisIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Coleoptera - i-Coleoptera
Umndeni: Lamellar - Scarabaeidae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | yonke indawo ezindaweni ezifudumele |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | izinzuzo, kugaywe kabusha okusele |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | awudingi ukubhujiswa |
Ibhungane likabhejane lingelinye lamalungu aziwa kakhulu omndeni we-lamellar. Abamele lolu hlobo kunzima ukudideka nanoma ubani, ngoba bona isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo ukukhula okude okugobile ekhanda, okusikhumbuza kakhulu ukuma kophondo lukabhejane. Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi izinambuzane zalolu hlobo zazibizwa ngokuthi amabhungane obhejane.
Ukubukeka nokwakheka komzimba webhungane likabhejane
| Usayizi womzimba kanye nesimo | Umzimba webhungane likabhejane omdala ungafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-2,5-4,5. Umbala uphethwe amathoni ansundu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba nombala obomvu. Ingaphezulu lekhanda, i-pronotum, ne-elytra zihlala zihlukaniswa nge-sheen yesici. Ukuma komzimba kubanzi impela, futhi uhlangothi lwawo olungaphezulu luyi-convex. |
| Inhloko | Ikhanda lincane futhi limise okonxantathu. Emaceleni kukhona izimpondo namehlo. Izimpondo ziqukethe amasegimenti ayi-10 futhi zineklabhu ye-lamellar ekugcineni, isici somndeni wabo. |
| uphondo lwebhungane | Maphakathi nendawo, engxenyeni yekhala yekhanda, kunophondo olude olugobile. Le ngxenye yomzimba ithuthukiswe kahle kwabesilisa kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abayisebenzisi njengesikhali sokuzivikela noma ukulwa phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, futhi inhloso yesitho esinjalo esikhanyayo asaziwa. Ngokuqondene nezinsikazi, kuphela i-tubercle encane evela endaweni yophondo. |
| Amaphiko | Ibhungane likabhejane linamaphiko akhule kahle futhi naphezu komzimba walo osindayo, lezi zinambuzane zikwazi ukundiza kahle kakhulu. Phakathi nocwaningo lwesayensi, kwafakazelwa ukuthi bayakwazi ukwenza izindiza eziqhubekayo ngebanga elingafika ku-50 km. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi, uma kubhekwa isakhiwo somzimba wabo nayo yonke imithetho ekhona ye-aerodynamics, amabhungane obhejane akufanele ahambe. |
| Izidladla | Izitho zebhungane likabhejane zinamandla. Imilenze emibili yangaphambili iklanyelwe ukumba ngakho-ke ifakwe imilenze ebanzi, ephansi eyisicaba, namazinyo ayisici eceleni konqenqema lwangaphandle. I-tibiae ye-middle and posterior pair nayo inwetshiwe kancane futhi inamazinyo. Ezidlalweni zawo womathathu amapheya ezitho, kunezinzipho ezinde neziqinile. |
I-Rhinoceros beetle isibungu
Isibungu esisanda kuzalwa sebhungane likabhejane sifinyelela ubude obungama-2-3 cm kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokudla okusebenzayo, sikhula sibe usayizi omangalisayo phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela ku-8-11 cm.
Indlela yokuphila yebhungane likabhejane
Abantu abadala bebhungane likabhejane abaphili isikhathi eside - kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuye kwezi-4. Ezimweni zezulu ezihlukene, ukundiza kwabo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, noma maphakathi nehlobo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-imago ukushiya ngemuva inzalo.
I-rhinoceros beetle female.
Abanye ososayensi baphikisa ngokuthi izinambuzane kulesi sigaba azondli, kodwa zisebenzisa kuphela izinqolobane eziqoqwe esigabeni sezibungu.
Amabhungane asebenza ebusuku nasebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi, "obhejane", njengezinye izinambuzane zasebusuku, indizela emithonjeni yokukhanya okukhanyayo. Emini, amabhungane avame ukucasha ezihlahleni ezingenalutho noma emhlabathini ongaphezulu.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhwelana nokubekela amaqanda, amabhungane obhejane asebekhulile ayafa. Izinambuzane zishiya izindawo zazo zokuzalela amaqanda eduze komthombo ofanele wokudla:
- iziphunzi ezibolile;
- izinqwaba zomquba;
- imigodi yomquba;
- sawdust;
- iziqu zezihlahla ezibolile;
- ongenalutho.
Ukudla kwezibungu ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izinsalela ezibolayo zezihlahla, izihlahla kanye nezitshalo ze-herbaceous. Kwesinye isikhathi bangashintshela ezimpandeni eziphilayo, yingakho belimaza izitshalo ezinjalo:
- ama-roses;
- amapentshisi;
- amagilebhisi;
- ama-apricot
Indawo yokusabalalisa
Uhlu lwamabhungane obhejane luhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu ye-hemisphere esempumalanga. Abamele lolu hlobo bangatholakala endaweni yezifunda namazwe anjalo:
- IYurophu Ephakathi neseNingizimu;
- eNyakatho Afrika;
- I-Asia Minor ne-Asia Ephakathi;
- I-Northeast Turkey;
- Umzila ophakathi;
- Izifunda eziseNingizimu yeRussia;
- Western Siberia;
- Izifunda eziseNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina neNdiya;
- ENyakatho yeKazakhstan.
Ngokuphila kwamabhungane alolu hlobo, izimo kuphela zaseBritish Isles, izifunda ezisenyakatho yeRussia, i-Iceland kanye namazwe aseScandinavia azange afaneleke.
Habitat
Ekuqaleni, "obhejane" babehlala kuphela emahlathini anamaqabunga abanzi, kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni, kwadingeka badlulele ngaphesheya kwendawo yabo evamile. Okwamanje, amabhungane obhejane angatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zezindawo kanye nabantu abaseduze.
Izindawo ezikhululekile:
- izinqamuleli zomoya;
- i-steppe;
- ama-semi-desert;
- i-taiga.
Eduze nabantu:
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izinqwaba zomquba;
- imigodi yomquba.
Inani lebhungane likabhejane emvelweni
Ibhungane elinophondo ekhanda.
Izibungu zebhungane likabhejane azivamile ukudla izingxenye zezitshalo eziphilayo futhi zenza kanjalo kuphela lapho kungekho okunye ukudla okutholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, akuzona izinambuzane futhi umonakalo wabo ezitshalweni kutshalwa amacala angawodwa. Isayensi yazi okuncane kakhulu mayelana nokudla kwabantu abadala, ngakho-ke ababhekwa njengezinambuzane zezitshalo noma zezithelo.
I-Imago kanye nezibungu zebhungane likabhejane zithatha indawo ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla futhi. kufakwe ekudleni kwezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezincane, njenge:
- izinyoni;
- izilwane ezihlala emanzini;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane;
- izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izibungu zalolu hlobo nazo ziyazuza ngokudla izinkuni ezifile nezinye izinsalela zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, zisheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokubola kwazo.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwamabhungane obhejane
Ibhungane likabhejane.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane basakazeke kakhulu futhi baze bazivumelanisa nokuphila ngaphandle kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Kodwa noma kunjalo amanani azo aya ngokuya encipha futhi lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yabantu.
Unyaka ngamunye abantu bagawula inqwaba yezihlahla futhi, okokuqala, izitshalo ezindala nezigulayo eziqala ukufa ziyasetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinkuni ezibolile, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwezibungu zebhungane likabhejane, liyehla minyaka yonke.
Okwamanje, amabhungane obhejane avikelekile kula mazwe alandelayo:
- IsiCzech;
- ISlovakia;
- IPoland;
- Moldova.
E-Russia, lolu hlobo lwebhungane lwaze lwafakwa ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu zezifunda ezinjalo:
- Isifunda sase-Astrakhan;
- IRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelia;
- IRiphabhulikhi yaseMordovia;
- Isifunda saseSaratov;
- Isifunda sase-Stavropol;
- Isifunda saseVladimir;
- Isifunda saseKaluga;
- Isifunda saseKostroma;
- Isifunda saseLipetsk;
- IRiphabhulikhi yaseDagestan;
- I-Chechen Republic;
- IRiphabhulikhi yaseKhakassia.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamabhungane obhejane
Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa kwawo kabanzi, lolu hlobo alukaqondwa kahle. Kunezici eziningana zebhungane likabhejane ezimangaza ngisho nososayensi.
Amabhungane obhejane amakhulu, izinambuzane ezinkulu futhi ubukhulu bamaphiko abo mancane kakhulu emzimbeni osindayo. Awukho nowodwa umthetho wesimanje we-aerodynamics ongachaza izindlela nezimiso lezi bhungane ezindiza ngazo.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-elytra yamabhungane obhejane ithola izakhiwo ze-semiconductor, futhi izinwele ezisemzimbeni wayo zingaqongelela amandla e-electrostatic. Uma ibhungane likabhejane ondizayo lishayisa umuntu kusihlwa, isisulu singase sizwe ukushaywa ugesi kancane.
Imithombo eminingi yolwazi mayelana namabhungane obhejane, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ithole izinga elithi "imfihlo" kanye "nokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni", ngakho-ke kuncane kakhulu imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nabameleli balolu hlobo endaweni yomphakathi.
isiphetho
Izibhungane zobhejane ziyizidalwa eziyingqayizivele futhi izici zazo eziningi, naphezu kwendawo yazo enkulukazi, azikahlolisiswa. Iqiniso lokuthi inani labameleli balolu hlobo liyehla kancane kancane likhulisa ukubaluleka kwabo nakakhulu, ngoba amabhungane obhejane awayona nje imfihlakalo engaxazululeki yososayensi, kodwa futhi nokuhleleka kwangempela kwehlathi.
Ngaphambilini