Kuyini ukwesaba i-gray mite: iyiphi ingozi engemuva kombala obumnyama
Amakhizane ayahluka ngendlela yokuphila, usayizi, umbala. Imikhaza empunga imele i-Ixodes ricinus. I-parasite ithola umthunzi onjalo ngemva kokugcwala kwegazi. Lezi zilwane ezincela igazi ziyingozi enkulu kakhulu kubantu, njengoba zithwala izifo eziyingozi ezithwalwa imikhaza.
Okuqukethwe
Ixodid imaka ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-parasite
Lezi izinambuzane zomndeni we-arthropod Ixodidae. Abameleli balolu hlobo banezinga eliphezulu le-parasitism kanye nesakhiwo somzimba esivamile semikhaza eminingi.
Ukubukeka nokwakheka komzimba we-parasite
Isilokazane esilambile sibukeka njengesicabucabu. Umzimba umise okweqanda, umbozwe igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous, elivimbela ukubhujiswa kwalo. Umbala uyahluka kusuka kokubomvu kuya kokunsundu, i-parasite esuthi ithola umbala ompunga.
Ukwakheka komzimba ku-oval, umuntu omdala unamapheya angu-4 emilenze eqinile. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-1 kuya ku-4 mm. Ngemva kokuphuza igazi, umkhaza ukhula ngosayizi cishe ngo-10 mm. Abesifazane bakhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunabesilisa.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Umjikelezo wokuphila wama-parasite uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana zokukhula: iqanda, isibungu, i-nymph, umuntu omdala. Lesi sinambuzane siqala ukubola ngisho nasesiteji sezibungu - ngalesi sikhathi, amagundane nezinyoni ziba yizisulu zayo.
Ukuze udlulele esigabeni esisha ngasinye, umkhaza udinga ukudla, ngemva kwalokho ukubola kwenzeka.
Umuntu omdala (imago) umkhaza ovuthiwe ngokocansi; kulesi sigaba sokukhula, ama-parasite ayanda. Wonke umjikelezo wokuphila komkhaza ungahlala iminyaka engu-3-4, kwezinye izimo kuze kube iminyaka engu-8.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, izinambuzane ziwela ezithombeni ezimisiwe, ezingahlala iminyaka eminingana, ngemva kwalokho isinambuzane sivuka futhi siqhubeke nomsebenzi waso wokuphila.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-ixodid. Kuwumkhuba ukuwehlukanisa ngokwemibandela elandelayo:
indawo yokuhlala nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye baye bazijwayeza ukuze bahlale endaweni yasehlathini, abanye ogwadule, njalonjalo.
Imvelo ye-parasitism ingumgodi namadlelo. Eyokuqala yokubeka amaqanda gibela emigodini nasezidlekeni, okwesibili - ukubeka amaqanda phezu komhlabathi.
Imvelo yokunamathiselwe iwukuba usokhaya oyedwa, usokhaya ababili, usokhaya abathathu.
Indawo yokuhlala ama-parasites
Izikhathi eziphezulu
Ukuhlaselwa komkhaza kufanele kwesatshwe unyaka wonke. Kunezimo lapho umkhaza we-ixodid ucashe esigxotsheni sotshani, futhi lapho lobu tshani busetshenziselwa umbhede wezinja, wawuvuka ulume isilwane. Imvamisa ama-parasite atholakala ezindaweni ezincibilikisiwe ngaphezu kwamapayipi amakhulu okufudumeza.
I-spike yesizini emsebenzini womkhaza kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-April.
Isinambuzane sidinga inhlabathi ukuthi ifudumale ifike ku-+3-5 degrees, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelele isilinganiso sansuku zonke samadigri angu-+10. Inombolo enkulu yokulunywa irekhodwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni.
Esikhathini esishisayo sasehlobo, umsebenzi wabo uyancipha, noma kunjalo, uma umkhaza usetshanini obumanzi nasemthunzini, uzizwa kahle. Ehlobo, i-parasite isebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Lapho izulu lome kakhulu futhi lina, bayacasha. Umsebenzi wezinambuzane wehla kuphela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Ophethe imikhaza empunga
Abantu banesandla ekubhebhethekeni kwemikhaza. Ngokuvamile abantu baletha ama-parasite ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni, ngobhasikidi bamakhowe kanye nezimbali zezimbali zasendle. I-parasite ingafika e-cottage ehlobo enotshani, utshani, amagatsha e-spruce.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zicosha imikhaza bese zibangenisa endlini ngoboya bazo. Futhi ama-parasite athwalwa amagundane, onogwaja, izinyoni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inani elikhulu lezibungu licasha ezinalitini ze-hedgehogs.
Iyini ingozi yokulunywa yi-parasite
Ingozi enkulu yomkhaza amandla awo okuthwala izifo eziyingozi ezidala ukukhubazeka nokufa kwabantu nezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-parasite aqinile futhi angaphila iminyaka eminingana.
Okomuntu
Kumuntu, izifo ezilandelayo ezithwalwa umkhaza zimbi kakhulu:
- i-encephalitis;
- i-borreliosis (isifo saseLyme);
- izifo ze-hemorrhagic;
- i-typhus kanye ne-relapsing fever.
Kwezilwane
Izilwane nazo zingenwa izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithwalwa imikhaza:
- i-piroplasmosis;
- i-erlichiosis;
- i-anaplasmosis.
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane
Amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukulwa ne-Yesodidae. Zonke ziyehluka ngendlela yokukhululwa kanye nendlela yokufaka isicelo.
Ama-Acaricides
Amalungiselelo e-Acarcidal awasabisi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi abhubhisa ama-parasites ngokuthinta isimiso sabo sezinzwa. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezidumile nezisebenzayo:
Imikhiqizo yokuvikela izilwane
Ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane ezifuywayo, izidakamizwa ezinomphumela wokuthinta ziyasetshenziswa. Lapho ukhetha ikhambi, kufanele ucabangele ubudala, isisindo, uhlobo kanye nempilo yesilwane esifuywayo. Imithi elandelayo iphumelela kakhulu:
Izinyathelo zokuvikela nokuvimbela
Akuwona wonke umkhaza otheleleke ngamagciwane ayingozi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukucacisa lokhu "ngeso" futhi ingozi yokutheleleka izohlala ikhona.
Ungazivikela kanjani emikhazani
Ukuze uzivikele ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhlaselweni kwama-parasites kanye nokutheleleka ngezifo ezithwalayo, kufanele:
- thola imigomo yokuvimbela i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza: lokhu ungakwenza mahhala kunoma yimuphi umtholampilo noma isikhungo sezokwelapha esizimele;
- lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezingase zibe yingozi, khetha izingubo ezifanele: kufanele zibe nomthunzi okhanyayo (ngale ndlela kulula ukubona umkhaza); faka amabhulukwe amasokisi namabhuzu, nejakhethi ebhulukweni; qiniseka ukuthi uvikela ikhanda lakho ngesikhafu noma ihood;
- sebenzisa izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali ezinambuzane - phatha izingubo nesikhumba ngazo, uma kuvunyelwe yimiyalelo;
- njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 yokuhamba, hlola umzimba nezingubo ukuthi zikhona yini izimuncagazi kuwo;
- lapho ubuyela ekhaya, ngaphambi kokungena endlini, uphinde uhlole izingubo nezilwane ezifuywayo;
- hlola ngokucophelela izinto ezilethwe ehlathini: izimbali, utshani, obhasikidi.
Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza
I-parasite enamathiselwe kufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi esincane isinambuzane esisichitha kumuntu, ayancipha amathuba okutheleleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa ukuya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.
Ukuze uzikhiphe, ithuluzi elikhethekile ("klescheder"), ama-tweezers agobile, intambo ifanelekile.
Uma kungekho kulokhu okungenhla, ungasebenzisa ama-tweezers ajwayelekile wezimonyo. I-algorithm yezenzo imi kanje:
- lungisa ithubhu yokuhlola noma esinye isitsha esivalweni esivalwe ngokuqinile;
- gqoka amagilavu ezokwelapha enjoloba;
- bamba i-parasite eduze ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yokuluma;
- skrola ngobumnene kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi uyisuse ngokucophelela;
- phatha indawo yokulunywa nge-antiseptic;
- faka umaka esitsheni bese uwuthumela elabhorethri ukuze uhlaziywe kungakapheli amahora angama-48.
Uma ikhanda noma i-proboscis yomkhaza inqanyuliwe, ichashazi elimnyama lizobonakala phakathi nendawo yokulunywa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuphatha isilonda ngokukhululekile nge-iodine futhi ulinde ukwenqatshwa komzimba wangaphandle.
Uma ngemva kwesikhashana kukhona ukuvuvukala, isikhumba sishintshe umbala, kufanele ngokushesha wazise udokotela ngakho.
Ngemuva kokulunywa komkhaza, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela inhlalakahle yakho. Uma kuvela izimpawu ezishaqisayo, njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, amalunga abuhlungu, kufanele uxhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ubike ukuthi kube nokulunywa komkhaza.
Ukuvimbela okuphuthumayo kwe-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza
Ukuvimbela okuphuthumayo kwe-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-immunoglobulin noma izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane. Isinqumo ngesidingo se-prophylaxis ephuthumayo, ukukhethwa komuthi kanye nemvamisa yokuphatha kwawo kwenziwa ngudokotela kuphela.
Ngaphambilini