Umkhaza oniwe: isithombe nencazelo, izimpawu zokulunywa yi-parasite, usizo lokuqala kanye nemithetho yokwelapha

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Kubantu kanye nezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, imikhaza ye-ixodid iyingozi enkulu - ithwala izifo ezimbi kakhulu: i-encephalitis ne-borreliosis.

Imvelaphi yalezi zinambuzane akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kunobufakazi bokuthi zazikhona ngesikhathi sezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasendulo futhi zaqale zaziqeda, futhi ngemva kokuqothulwa kwazo zashintshela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-650 zama-Ixodes emhlabeni, kodwa akuzona zonke eziyingozi kubantu. Bonke abameleli balolu hlobo banezici ezifanayo ze-morphological:

• umzimba oyisicaba, oval 3-4 mm ubude., Uphuzile igazi, izinambuzane zikhula ngosayizi zifike ku-15 mm., Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa;
• umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kumbala okhanyayo kuya kumbala obomvu;
• abantu abadala banamapheya angu-4 emilenze, amehlo awekho noma awahlukaniseki kahle.

Izimbangela zokulunywa komkhaza kubantu

Inhloso yomkhaza ukuthola inyamazane bese idla igazi layo, ngakho-ke bachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo belinde umninikhaya ongase abe khona. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokulunywa komkhaza kubantu yilezi:

• ukuvakashela izindawo ezigcwele imikhaza, amahlathi namapaki amahlathi;
• ukungahambisani nemithetho yokuphepha lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezinjalo: ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuzivikela, izingxenye zomzimba eziveziwe;
• ukuxhumana okuseduze nezilwane (izibungu zivame ukutholakala eboya bazo);
• ukuletha izinto zasekhaya ezivela ehlathini: izimbali, utshani, amakhowe, amagatsha.

Umkhaza ufika kanjani kumuntu

Imikhaza inqanyulwe umbono noma ayithuthukisiwe kakhulu, ngakho-ke ibheka inyamazane yayo ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile zezinzwa, ezigxile ekushiseni komzimba okufudumele.

Imikhaza ilinde umphakeli ongaba khona ezinhlangeni ezinde zotshani, izihlahla, ezivame ukutholakala eduze kwezindlela, otshanini.

Sibona indlela isisulu esisondela ngayo, isilokazane siphendukela ngakuso futhi silindele ukuthintana, ngemva kwalokho sibambelele engutsheni bese siqala ukufuna indawo efanelekile yokuluma.

Umkhaza uliphuza kanjani igazi?

Ama-bloodsuckers anemishini yokuluma ethuthuke kakhulu. Ngosizo lwesitho (i-chelicera) esifana nesikelo, babhoboza isikhumba somuntu ohlukunyeziwe futhi, ngosizo lwe-hypostome efana ne-spike, benza ukucindezeleka kwezicubu, ezigcwalisa igazi endaweni yokulunywa. Isilokazane sihlala simunca igazi eliphumayo.

Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza opompowe?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umkhaza oye wamunca igazi ukhula kakhulu ngosayizi - ubude bomzimba wakhe bukhuphuka cishe ngo-10 mm. Ukuvuvukala, umzimba womkhaza ushintsha umbala usuka onsundu uye kompunga. Umkhaza owondleke kahle uphelelwa amandla, uvele uwele phansi emzimbeni womsingathi.

Wenzani umkhaza uma uphuza igazi?

Insikazi endala esuthiyo izalela amaqanda - ngqo emhlabathini, emaqabungeni, noma ihamba amabanga amafushane kakhulu ifuna indawo efanelekile yokubeka. I-nymph eyondliwe kahle iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwayo - ingena esigabeni sokuncibilika. Indoda endala, ngemva kokusuthisa, ivundisa insikazi bese iyafa.

Izinhlobo zemikhaza ye-ixodid eyingozi kubantu

Njengoba sekushiwo, akuwona wonke ama-Ixodes ayingozi kubantu. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-bloodsuckers ezithwala amagciwane ayingozi zibalwe ngezansi.

Kufanele ngenzenjani uma ngilunywe umkhaza

Ama-bloodsuckers ahlakaniphile: ukushaya kwawo emzimbeni akukwazi ukuzwakala, ngaphezu kwalokho, amathe awo aqukethe i-enzyme ekhethekile eyenza ukulunywa kungabi buhlungu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, i-parasite itholakala kuphela lapho isivele inamathele esikhumbeni. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Susa umaka obambekile

Izinambuzane kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba isikhathi eside sisemzimbeni, ayanda amathuba okutheleleka.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nanoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha.

Ungakwenza ngokwakho: ngosizo lwamathuluzi akhethekile noma ama-tweezers ajwayelekile. Umthetho oyisisekelo: umkhaza akufanele uqhunyiswe kakhulu, uchotshozwe futhi uzame ukuwukhipha ngamandla. Kufanele skrolwe izikhathi eziningana kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi idonswe kancane phezulu.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ungakhishwa wonke umkhaza

Uma izincomo zokukhipha i-parasite ziphulwa, kungase kuvele ukuthi umzimba wayo uzophuma, futhi ikhanda lizohlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kulesi simo, ungazama ukuyisusa ngenaliti, njenge-splinter, noma umane uyigcwalise nge-iodine bese ulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa - cishe, umzimba ngokwawo uzokwenqaba umzimba wangaphandle. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kuze kube yi-suppuration kungenzeka: uma kuvela izimpawu ezesabekayo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

Phatha indawo yokuluma

Ngemuva kokukhipha umkhaza, udinga ukuphatha indawo yokuluma nge-antiseptic. Ifanele lokhu okulandelayo:

• i-iodine;
• okuluhlaza okotshani;
• isisombululo sotshwala;
• i-chlorhexidine;
• i-hydrogen peroxide.

Thatha umaki uye lab

I-bloodsucker ekhishiwe inconywa ukuthi ifakwe esitsheni esinesivalo esiqinile futhi sinikezwe ilabhorethri ekhethekile ukuze kubonakale ukutheleleka kwayo ngezifo. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ukuhlaziya, isinambuzane sivunyelwe ukugcinwa esiqandisini amahora angama-48.

Nikela ngegazi ukuze uthole amasosha omzimba

Kukhona nokuhlaziywa okukhethekile okukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kukhona ama-antibodies encephalitis egazini. Ukubonakala kwamasosha omzimba anjalo kukhulumela ukuxilongwa komtholampilo kwe-encephalitis.

Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ukuthatha ukuhlaziya okunjalo ngokushesha ngemva kokulunywa: amasosha omzimba athile e-IgG egciwane le-encephalitis elithwala umkhaza atholwa ngosuku lwe-10-14 futhi ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho.

Zifinyelela izinga eliphezulu ekupheleni kwenyanga futhi zihlala kuleli zinga izinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisi-2 ngemva kokutheleleka.

Yenza i-immunotherapy njengoba kunconywe udokotela

Uma kuvela ukuthi i-parasite yayingumthwali wegciwane, noma uma isisulu sinezimpawu zokuqala zesifo, umhlinzeki wezempilo uzonikeza i-immunotherapy, ehlanganisa ukwethulwa kwe-immunoglobulin yomuntu. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukwelapha okunjalo ezweni lethu akuhlinzekwa mahhala ngaphakathi kohlaka lomshwalense wezokwelapha oyimpoqo. I-Immunoglobulin ingatholwa mahhala yilabo abafakwe umshwalense ngaphansi kwe-VHI kanye nezigaba ezithile zezakhamizi.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokulunywa komkhaza kubantu

Ukusabela ekulunyweni komkhaza kungokomuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike esimweni somzimba somuntu. Kubantu abanempilo ebuthaka futhi abajwayele ukungezwani nezinto ezithile, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke phakathi namahora angu-2-3 ngemva kokulunywa:

• i-photophobia;
• ubuhlungu emisipha namalunga;
• amakhaza;
• ubuthakathaka.

Nokho, ngokuvamile izimpawu zokuqala zenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho amasonto. Lezi zihlanganisa: ikhanda elibuhlungu, imfiva, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes.

Imithetho yokwelapha

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, ukunciphisa izimpawu nokusekela isimo sesiguli.

Ama-antibiotic okuluma umkhaza

Ukwelashwa ngama-antibacterial akunamandla okumelana ne-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, njengoba lesi sifo sibangelwa igciwane. Kodwa maqondana ne-borrelia, okuyimbangela yesifo seLyme, ziyasebenza impela. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-borreliosis, i-amoxicillin ne-doxycilin isetshenziswa kaningi. Umthamo odingekayo kanye nobude besifundo kunqunywa udokotela.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa kwe-encephalitis

Uma kusolwa ukuthi i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, isiguli siphuthunyiswa esibhedlela esibhedlela sezinzwa. Uma i-prophylaxis nge-immunoglobulin ingakaze yenziwe ngaphambili, umuthi uphathwa phakathi nosuku.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:

• ukwelashwa okulwa nokuvuvukala;
• ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ukuvimbela i-cerebral edema;
• ukulwa ne-hypoxia;
• ukusekelwa kwamanzi kanye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte;
• ukubuyiselwa kwe-metabolism yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.

Ngemuva kokushiya isimo esibucayi, izifundo ze-neuroleptics, physiotherapy, kanye ne-massage zinqunyelwe ukuvuselelwa okuphelele.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwelapha borreliosis

Isifo seLyme (borreliosis) siphathwa esibhedlela somnyango wezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukwelashwa akuhlosiwe kuphela ukulwa ne-agent causative yalesi sifo, kodwa futhi nokugcina umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.

Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, izidakamizwa ze-tetracycline ziyasebenza, kamuva, lapho izinguquko ze-neurological, cardinal kanye ne-articular zikhula, ama-penicillin asetshenziswa.

Ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala kwenziwa, uma kunesidingo, kusetshenziswa ama-painkillers.

Imiphumela yokulunywa umkhaza

Ukutheleleka ngalezi zifo ezingenhla kungaba nemiphumela emibi, ngisho nokufa.

Izinkinga ze-encephalitis ezithwala umkhaza:

• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukuphazamiseka kokucabanga);
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuze kufike ku-coma;
• ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto ezinzima: i-paresis, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka okuphelele.

Imiphumela yesifo seLyme ingaba umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ezithweni zangaphakathi, ukubhujiswa kwamalunga, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinzwa.

Ukuvimbela ukulunywa komkhaza

Ngosizo lwezinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwemikhaza futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukutheleleka ngezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza:

• ukugoma: kuqashelwa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela i-encephalitis emhlabeni wonke;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile yokuzivikela (ama-repellents nama-acaricides) lapho uhamba ezindaweni lapho imikhaza ingahlala khona, ukhetha izingubo ezifanele (gwema isikhumba esiveziwe, sebenzisa isigqoko nesigqoko);
• ukuhlanzwa okufika ngesikhathi kukadoti kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo kusuka kusayithi: ziyindawo yokukhosela imikhaza;
• ukuhlolwa komzimba nezingubo ngesikhathi sokuhamba ehlathini futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.