Amagundane amnyama: kungani isilwane sifika kumuntu sisuka ensimini size endlini
Amagundane namagundane angenye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezidala izinkinga eziningi komakhelwane bazo futhi zidale umonakalo omkhulu empahleni yazo. Omunye wabantu abaziwayo kulo mndeni igundane elimnyama. Nakuba lesi silwane siphansi ngenani kunamagundane ampunga, umonakalo wokuba khona kwaso ucishe ufane.
Okuqukethwe
Libukeka kanjani igundane elimnyama (isithombe)
Igama: igundane elimnyama
Isi-Latin: i-rattusIbanga: Izilwane ezincelisayo - Mammalia
Isigcawu: Amagundane - Rodentia
Umndeni: Igundane - Muridae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | amasimu kanye nomhlaba olimekayo |
 | Ukunikezwa kwamandla: | konke okwenzekayo |
 | Izici: | ama-incisors abo adinga ukulola njalo, ngakho badla futhi bachithe yonke into |
Incazelo yesilwane
Amagundane amnyama anomehluko obonakalayo kozakwabo abampunga. Okokuqala nje, umbala nobukhulu bazo.
Ukubukeka kwesilwane
Amagundane amnyama ayizidalwa zomphakathi.
Ubude bomzimba wegundane elimnyama buyi-15-22 cm, ngaphandle komsila. Umsila wegundane lalolu hlobo umude ngo-7-13 cm kunomzimba futhi umbozwe kakhulu ngezinwele. Isilinganiso somzimba wesilwane singamagremu angu-130-300.
I-muzzle yegundane elimnyama lincane kakhulu kune-pasyuk, futhi ubukhulu be-auricles bukhulu. Ingemuva lesilwane limbozwe uboya obumnyama noma obunsundu ngokukhazimula kwensimbi okunombala oluhlaza okotshani.
Emaceleni nasesiswini, umbala ulula futhi unomlotha noma u-tint ompunga ongcolile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kunezibonelo ezinombala ompunga okhanyayo noma ophuzi ngemuva, nomhlophe noma beige esiswini.
Izici zezinhlobo zezilwane
Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo zamagundane ziyefana komunye nomunye, kodwa zinezici ezithile ezihlukile. Phakathi kwezici zamagundane amnyama, kufanelekile ukugqamisa izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukudla kwegundane elimnyama kuyahlukahluka, kodwa ngokungafani nama-Pasyuk, akhetha ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, imihlathi nemisipha yemishini yamazinyo yaleli gundane athuthukisiwe kancane;
Igundane elimnyama.
- lolu hlobo lune-thermophilic ngaphezu kwegundane elimpunga, ngakho-ke lihlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala yomuntu;
- amagundane amnyama anolaka kunalawo ampunga. Ezimweni eziyingozi, bakhetha ukucasha futhi babonise ubudlova kuphela lapho bekhoneni;
- lolu hlobo lukhasa kahle kakhulu futhi luvame ukuhola indlela yokuphila ye-semi-arboreal endle;
- amagundane amnyama awancike kakhulu emanzini futhi awavamile ukubhukuda.
Indawo yokuhlala
Igundane elimnyama: isakhamuzi sasedolobheni nasensimini.
Amagundane alolu hlobo atholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika, eMelika nase-Australia. E-Asia, lapho isimo sezulu esishisayo sikhona, amagundane amnyama ayivelakancane, ngoba le ndawo iyindawo yemvelo yegundane elimpunga.
Kodwa isimo sezulu sase-Australia sabonakala sisivuna ngokukhethekile igundane elimnyama, kuyilapho i-pasyuk ingazange ibe nezimpande kule ndawo.
Ensimini yaseRussia, igundane elimnyama litholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe kusukela e-Arkhangelsk kuya eCaucasus. Igundane liphila:
- eMpumalanga Ekude;
- Sakhalin;
- Kamchatka;
- Shikotana;
- I-Commander Islands;
- e-Ussuriysk;
- I-Komsomolsk-on-Amur;
- Khabarovsk;
- I-Blagoveshchensk
Ngegundane elimpunga pasyuk, lapho umlingisi oyinhloko evame ukuqhathaniswa khona, ungakwazi sihlangane lapha.
Igundane elimnyama lilimaza muni kubantu
Endle, igundane elimnyama alinawo umthelela omubi emiphakathini yemvelo futhi ngokuvamile liba isisulu sezinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane. Kodwa lapho uhlala eduze kwabantu, igundane elimnyama libangela izinkinga ezifanayo ne-pasyuk, okungukuthi:
- bhubhisa futhi bonakalise ukudla;
- ulimaza izakhiwo, ifenisha, amapayipi endle nezinye izinto;
- ithwala izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi;
- isakaza amagciwane ezifo eziningi, njengesifo, i-leptospirosis, i-visceral leishmaniasis, i-salmonellosis nabanye.
Funda okwengeziwe esihlokweni: uyini umonakalo kumuntu emagundwaneni.
Ungawasusa kanjani amagundane amnyama
Amagundane amnyama anobuqili futhi ahlakaniphile. Badlula izicupho nezicupho, banomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela futhi bahogele ushevu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusondela endabeni yokubhujiswa noma ukuxoshwa kwabo endaweni ngendlela ebanzi.
| Indlela yokubhubhisa | Isenzo |
|---|---|
| Amakhemikhali. | Zonke izinhlobo zobuthi ezisebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kodwa zidinga ukuqapha. |
| Izicupho nezicupho. | Lezi izicupho, izicupho ezikhethekile zamagundane noma izicupho zeglue lapho izinambuzane zizowela khona futhi zihlale zinjalo. |
| Amakhambi esintu. | Izingxube ezinephunga elimnandi elizomisa isisu sesilwane, okuholela ekufeni. |
| Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. | Abaxoshi, izilwane ezinomzwelo wokuzingela kanye nokugcina ukuhleleka endaweni. |
Izixhumanisi zendatshana ezinemiyalo enemininingwane, kanjani ukususa amagundane egcekeni futhi ku isibaya.
Amaqiniso anentshisekelo
Igundane elimnyama laziwa esintwini kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi abantu baqoqe izindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo namaqiniso mayelana nalezi zilwane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona eziningana ezimane zimangaze futhi zishaqeke:
- endaweni yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMedithera, kwatholakala izinsalela zalolu hlobo (noma oluseduze) lwamagundane, okuyingxenye yenkathi ye-Pleistocene futhi okungenzeka ukuthi yayihlala eduze kwama-mammoth;
- eShayina naseNdiya, into engokwemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukufa Kwe-bamboo" ihlotshaniswa namagundane amnyama. Kuseqinisweni lokuthi kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-48, kuba khona ukwanda kwenani labantu balawa magundane futhi adla yonke imbewu yoqalo ewile. Ngenxa yalokho, ihlathi loqalo alikhuli ngonyaka olandelayo;
- phakathi nobhadane lwesifo esiwubhadane eYurophu, amagundane amnyama ayengabathwali abakhulu baleli gciwane elibulalayo;
- isilwane sasenganekwaneni esibizwa ngokuthi "Inkosi yegundane" sinomfanekiso wangempela. Ezindaweni ezihlala amagundane amnyama, ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala amaqoqo amagundane, axhunywe ngemisila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisila yezilwane ivame ukuphuka futhi yonakele. "Izidleke" ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Inkosi yamagundane". I-Alcohol "Rat Kings" yaboniswa ngisho nakumamnyuziyamu emadolobheni ahlukene aseYurophu. Enye ye "Kings" enkulu kunazo zonke ibhekwa njengetholakala edolobheni laseBuchgait, elalinamagundane angu-32.
Amagundane edolobheni (isithombe sombukeli).
isiphetho
Ukuqeda amagundane avele avela kunzima kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zihlakaniphile, ziningi futhi zikhombisa ukumelana nezinto eziningi ezinobuthi. Ukuze uvimbele ukwenzeka kwazo, kufanele ugcine indlu ihlanzekile futhi icocekile. Uma izivakashi zokuqala ezingamenyiwe sezivele ziphawulwe, khona-ke ukulwa nabo kufanele kuqale ngokushesha futhi kungavumeli isimo sithathe indawo yaso.
