Ama-aphid avele esihlahleni se-apula: indlela yokuphatha umuthi ukuze uvikeleke futhi uvikeleke
Wonke umuntu uyazi mayelana nezinambuzane ezinjalo zezitshalo nezihlahla njengama-aphid. Lesi sinambuzane sidala umonakalo omkhulu ezingadini. Ukulwa nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozweni kwezitshalo. I-apula ehlukahlukene ihlukaniswe yaba grey eluhlaza kanye nebomvu.
Okuqukethwe
Apple aphid: isithombe
Incazelo apple aphid
Igama: i-aphid ye-apula
Isi-Latin: I-Aphis pomiIbanga: Izinambuzane - Insecta
Isigcawu: I-Hemiptera - i-Hemiptera
Umndeni: Izintwala zangempela - Aphididae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | yonke indawo |
 | Izici: | ibekezelela amakhaza, iphindaphindeka ngokushesha |
 | Ingozi: | idla ubisi lwezitshalo, yonakalise amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe |
Ama-aphid esihlahleni sama-apula.
Umbala wensikazi engenamaphiko unombala osaphuzi-oluhlaza. Ubude bufika ku-2 mm. Ikhanda linombala onsundu kanye nama-tubercle aseceleni. Kukhona amadevu aphuzi. Umsila umnyama futhi unomunwe.
Isisu sensikazi enamaphiko siluhlaza. Kunamabala amnyama ezigabeni eziyi-6, 7, 8. Ubukhulu buhluka phakathi kwe-1,8 - 2 mm. Umbala wekhanda, isifuba, izimpondo, imilenze, amashubhu omnyama.
Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Afinyelela ku-1,2 mm kancane. Ngaphandle, zifana nabesifazane. Amaqanda amnyama. Zinomumo we-oval obude.
I-red-gall apple aphid inombala oluhlaza okotshani-nsundu noma onsundu ngokumnyama okunombala ompunga kanye nekhanda elibomvu.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Indawo yamaqanda ubusika amagxolo amahlumela amasha. Lapho imiqumbe ivuleka, izibungu ziyachamisela. Indawo yabo yokuhlala ingaphezulu kwezinso. Bamunca amajusi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kwenziwa lula izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-5 degrees Celsius. Ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka ngo-6 degrees Celsius. Inani lezizukulwane ngesizini ngayinye lisuka ku-4 kuye ku-8.
Ukuchanyuselwa kwezibungu kuthonywa isimo sezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russian Federation lokhu ekupheleni kuka-April - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, eMoldova nase-Ukraine - maphakathi no-April, e-Asia Ephakathi - ekupheleni kuka-March - ekuqaleni kuka-April.
Kamuva, izinambuzane zitholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga naphezu kwamahlumela amasha aluhlaza. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kwenzeka phakathi kwamaviki ama-2. Kuvela ezinsikazi ezingenamaphiko. Indlela yabo yokuzalanisa iyintombi nto.
Izibungu zezinsikazi ezisungulayo ziphenduka izinsikazi ezi-viviparous ezinikeza inzalo. Ngokuvamile kuba nezibungu ezingafika ku-60. Isikhathi sokukhula kufanele singabi ngaphezu kwezizukulwane eziyi-15.
I-streak yesifazane ibonakala ngo-August. Izibungu zayo zigcina seziyizintwala zezinsikazi nezinduna. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela ekwindla. I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda angafika kwangu-5. Amaqanda angaba overwinter, futhi aphid ziyafa.
Ukukhula ngobuningi nokukhiqizwa kwama-aphid kuncike ekushiseni okumaphakathi kanye nomswakama. Isomiso nemvula enamandla kuphazamisa lezi zinqubo.
Habitat
Le ndawo ihlanganisa:
- IYurophu;
I-aphid ye-apula eluhlaza.
- E-Asia;
- eNyakatho Afrika;
- eMelika.
Inani elikhulu labantu baseRussian Federation liwela engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eSiberia, eningizimu ye-taiga, indawo yehlathi-asemaqeleni, i-Primorsky Krai. Inani elikhulu labantu liyaziwa eTranscaucasus naseKazakhstan.
Isikhathi somsebenzi siqala entwasahlobo futhi siphela ekwindla sekwephuzile.
I-red-gall apple aphid ihlala eMpumalanga Yurophu. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia isemngceleni weSt. Petersburg neYaroslavl. Ingatholakala kwezinye izindawo zase-Urals, eTranscaucasia, nasezifundeni zeVolga. E-Asia, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke liseTurkmenistan.
Inani lezomnotho
Izindawo ezisemaqeleni nezamahlathi zeRussian Federation nase-Ukraine zibhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu. I-Apple aphid ibhubhisa:
- isihlahla sama-apula;
- ipheya;
- umcengezi;
- i-quince;
- umlotha wezintaba;
- i-hawthorn;
- i-cotoneaster;
- inyoni ye-cherry;
- IPENTSHISI;
- ibhilikosi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomonakalo
Ama-aphid esihlahleni sama-apula.
Izinambuzane zivame ukwakha amakoloni. Bamboza izingxenye ezingenhla zamahlumela namaqabunga. Amaqabunga aqala ukugoqa futhi ome. Amahlumela ayasonteka futhi ayeke ukukhula. Ezinkulisa, amahlumela amasha ayafa, ngoba awekho amajusi anomsoco.
Ukubonakala kwe-aphid ye-aphid enenyongo ebomvu kuqala ngokuvuvukala emapuletini amaqabunga. Ngokuvamile ukuvuvukala kunemingcele ebomvu. Ama-aphid ayawadala.
izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zihlanganisa i-ladybug, i-hoverfly, i-lacewing. Qinisekisa ukubhubhisa izintuthwane, njengoba ziqapha ama-aphid. Izintuthwane zidla uketshezi olunoshukela futhi zizungeze izinambuzane ngamakoloni.
Abalingani abangu-15 ekulweni nama-aphid bangabukwa futhi bathathwe lapha.
Izindlela zokulwa
Okusebenza kahle kakhulu kuzoba ukubikezela okufika ngesikhathi kwesikhathi sokuvela kwezinambuzane. Qinisekisa ukuthi usika iziqongo namahlumela e-basal, njengoba kungase kube namaqanda kulezi zindawo. Ukuhlanza ikwindla kanye namaqabunga avuthayo kunikeza umphumela omuhle.
Ake sijwayelane Izindlela ezingama-26 zokubhekana nezintwala ngokuningiliziwe.
isiphetho
Izintwala ze-apula zingadala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka esizeni. Kodwa-ke, ngosizo lwamakhemikhali noma amakhambi abantu, ungawuqeda. Ukuze uthole imiphumela esheshayo, izindlela ezimbalwa zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngaphambilini