Izinambuzane zasengadini, engadini nasekhaya: izinambuzane ezincane - umonakalo omkhulu
Wonke umlimi, umlimi kanye nomthandi wezitshalo eziluhlaza uphupha ukuthi izitshalo azinakekelayo zizojabulisa ngokubukeka kwazo nezithelo noma imifino emnandi. Kodwa kukhona izinambuzane ezingaphazamisa lokhu.
Okuqukethwe
Obani izinambuzane
Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia, isilwane isilwane esilimaza umuntu, impilo yakhe, ubuningi bezitshalo noma ikhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo ungahluka ngokuphelele, njengemikhiqizo eyonakele noma ukulimala komnotho.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilokazane ezidla ngendlela eyodwa noma enye futhi ezinezintandokazi zazo ezithile.
Izinambuzane zingaba izinhlobo eziningana. Lokhu:
- izilwane ezincelisayo;
- izinambuzane;
- ama-arachnids;
- ama-slugs
- imikhaza;
- izinyoni.
Ukwenza kube lula ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ongowaluphi uhlobo, ahlukaniswe ngokwemibandela subtypes eziningana.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingalimaza abantu, izilwane ezifuywayo noma imfuyo.
- izinambuzane ezolimo. Ingadi kanye nengadi yemifino kuyathinteka.
- Ama-brownies nezilokazane zengobo ezonakalisa imikhiqizo namasheya.
- Izimuncagazi ezikhona ngezindleko zezinye izilwane, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele eziphila kuzo.
Izinambuzane zezolimo
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kwezolimo izinambuzane. Bona-ke bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana.
Izinambuzane zasengadini:
- izinhlobo ezahlukene izintwala;
- abamhlophe;
- izimpungushe;
- ama-scoops;
- I-Colorado beetle.
Izinambuzane zezithelo:
- amabhungane;
- izikelemu zesilika;
- amabhu e-codling;
- inundu;
- izikelemu.
Izinambuzane zezihlahla:
- amabhungane amaqabunga;
- izimpukane;
- ama-barbels;
- izikelemu zikasilika;
- amagxolo amabhungane.
Izigaba zezinhlobo zezilwane
Izigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zezinambuzane ziye zahlonzwa ngokofuzo.
Lezi yizikelemu ezihlukene eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-24. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izimuncagazi kanye nabantu abaphila ngokukhululeka. Benza i-parasitize ezitshalweni endaweni evulekile kanye naku-greenhouse. Ngenxa yokulimala kwesistimu yezimpande, izitshalo zibambezela ukukhula nokukhula kwazo, futhi zithinteka yizifo zokukhunta.
Izilwane ezinosayizi omncane ezingadla kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo negazi elinegazi elifudumele. Phakathi kwezitshalo kukhona ama-parasites angaphandle ayonakalisa umbono futhi aphuze amajusi (ama-spider webs) nama-parasites angaphakathi ahlala ezinso nangaphansi kwamagxolo (ama-galls).
Isigaba esikhulu sabameleli abanento eyodwa abafana ngayo - umzimba umbozwe nge-chitin eminyene. Bangase babe nohlobo lokuhlafuna noma olumuncayo lwezingxenye zomlomo, ezibavumela ukuba bondle ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokudla. Bangabantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, bahlala emhlabeni wonke futhi umjikelezo wabo wokuphila unezigaba eziningana.
Lezi yizilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinomzimba othambile ezinegobolondo noma ezingenalo. Okuyingozi kakhulu ama-gastropods ahlala emhlabeni. Bahamba kahle eduze kwe-substrate nezitshalo, behlasela izitshalo ezincane ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukahlukene ezilimaza izingadi zemifino namasimu ezithelo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithile sama-incisors, adinga ukugaywa phansi, ngakho izinambuzane zihlale zihlafuna. Ziphindaphindeka futhi zikhule ngokushesha, zidle kakhulu, zikhule zibe ngamasayizi amakhulu. Zivame ukuthwala izifo kanye nemikhaza.
Izitshalo ze-herbivorous kanye zobuchwepheshe bazo
Izinambuzane zidla izitshalo ezitshaliwe nezasendle. Kodwa banezintandokazi zabo zokudla. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu sezizonke:
- I-Oligophages. Zidla izitshalo zohlobo olufanayo nezinye ezihlobene nazo.
- I-Monophages. Uhlobo olulodwa lokudla olukhethwayo.
- Ama-Polyphages. Lezo ezidla amaqembu ahlukene ngokuphelele nezinhlobo zezitshalo.
Zihlanganisa futhi ukuhlukaniswa eqinisweni lokudla okunempilo ngezitho nezingxenye zesitshalo:
- izimpande ezilimazayo;
- izinambuzane zendawo yezimpande;
- ukudla amaqabunga;
- izinambuzane ezinalithi;
- izinambuzane zesiqu;
- izitho ezikhiqizayo.
Amaqembu ezinambuzane
Kunamaqembu ayi-14 ayinhloko ezinambuzane, ahlanganisa cishe zonke izinambuzane. Endabeni ehlongozwayo, ezinye izilwane eziyingozi ezikhona futhi ezivamile endaweni ye-Russian Federation nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuqaphela izinambuzane ezihlukanisayo. Lezi yizinhlobo ezihlukene ezitholakala ezindaweni ezithile kuphela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, bandisa ububanzi bawo.
Izinambuzane zasekhaya nezibungu
Izimbuzane.
Lezi yizinambuzane ezihlala ngqo eduze nomuntu, endlini, emiphongolweni nasegumbini lokugezela. Benza umonakalo omkhulu:
- ukulimaza impilo;
- izilwane eziluma;
- konakalisa amasheya;
- limaza ifenisha nekhaya.
izinambuzane zezilwane
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izimuncagazi ezingena emzimbeni wesilwane ngokwazo noma ezithwala izifo. Ukuxhumana nabameleli baleli qembu ezilwaneni kuvame ukungena, kodwa ukutheleleka akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izinto ezidlala indima ebalulekile zihlanganisa:
- uhlobo lwesilwane;
Impukane.
- iminyaka yakhe;
- uhlobo lwe-parasite
- izinombolo zezinambuzane;
- ukumelana nomzimba;
- ubudlelwano be-host-parasite.
Abantu izinambuzane
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinambuzane nezilwane ezithwala izifo. Lolu hlobo likhulu kakhulu futhi luhlanganisa amaqembu amaningana:
- Emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi zonke izinhlobo zezintwala, imikhaza kanye nama-pedicles. Baphila unomphela emzimbeni womuntu.
Fly.
- abasekhaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amazeze nezimbungulu. Zidla izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, zingashintsha ababungazi, futhi zihlala eduze, kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile kumsingathi.
- ehambisana nomuzi. Iqembu elikhulu lezinambuzane ezihlala nabantu ezindlini, emadolobheni nasemizaneni. Lezi izimpukane, omiyane, omiyane.
- Kusukela endaweni yangaphandle. Lezi yizinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuthi "izimbuzane", izinambuzane ezihlasela abantu nezilwane endaweni evulekile. Kulesi sigaba: izimpukane, ama-midges, imikhaza, omiyane, ama-horseflies.
Izibonelo zezinambuzane ngohlobo lokudla
Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela amaqembu amaningana ezinambuzane ngohlobo lokudla.
Izindlela Zokulawula Izinambuzane
Izindlela ezikhethekile zikhethwa kuphela ngemva kokunqunywa uhlobo lwesinambuzane. Kodwa kunezindlela ezithile ezivamile.
- I-Agrothenic. Amasu azosiza ukwandisa ukukhiqiza kwezitshalo.
- Immunological. Ukutshala izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Okwezinto eziphilayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-microorganisms we-pathogenic kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
- Amakhemikhali. Lezi izibulala-zinambuzane nezinto ezinobuthi ezibhubhisa izinambuzane.
- I-Biotechnical. Izindlela zokunciphisa noma ukumisa ngokuphelele amakhono okuzala ezinambuzane.
- Imishini. Izindlela zokuqoqa nokubamba, ngosizo lwezindlela ezincane nezandla.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Kulula ukuzivikela wena, ikhaya lakho kanye nendlu yakho ekungeneni kwezivakashi ezingafunwa kunokuba uzikhiphe kamuva. Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula zokuvimbela.
- Ukugcinwa kwenhlanzeko endlini nasendaweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza indawo okhula, izindlu emfucumfucwini kanye nemithombo yengozi.
Ukuqoqwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi.
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha. Lapho ushiya imvelo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela, engadini nasensimini futhi.
- Ukulungiselela ekhaya. Ukuvimbela izinambuzane ukungena endlini, udinga ukuvala imifantu, unikeze umoya omncane kanye nokuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu.
- Ukuphepha kwesayithi. Indawo efanele, ukuqoqwa kukadoti, ukugcina imigodi yomquba ihlelekile kuzovimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane.
- Ukuvimbela. Uma ukufafaza okufika ngesikhathi engadini, ukumhlophe, ukuhlanza nokuthena kwenziwa, kuzomane kunciphise inani labantu.
isiphetho
Izinambuzane eziyingozi ziyingxenye yemvelo kanye nomakhelwane abahlala njalo abantu. Kodwa ziyingozi uma inani labantu lingalawulwa. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha inombolo yabo kanye nezinga lokungena ezimpilweni zabantu futhi uzame ukuhlalisana nabo kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuvikela ikhaya lakho nesayithi.
Ngaphambilini